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bibo:abstract "Tin mining is one of the growing industries in East Belitung Regency,\r\nincluding in Buding Village, Kelapa Kampit District. While it provides\r\neconomic benefits to the community, mining also causes various\r\nenvironmental problems, especially when conducted without a permit. Illegal\r\ntin mining by residents of Buding Village continues despite the existence of\r\nlaws governing environmental protection and management. These activities\r\nresult in land degradation, river pollution, waterway siltation, and disruption\r\nto the livelihoods of communities dependent on the plantation and fisheries\r\nsectors. Given these conditions, this study examines the factors contributing\r\nto the persistence of illegal tin mining in Buding Village, as well as the\r\neffectiveness of law enforcement regarding the criminal provisions of Article\r\n98 of Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management.\r\nThis study employs an empirical legal research design with a\r\nsociological approach. Data collection methods included interviews, surveys,\r\nobservation, documentation, and a literature review. The data obtained were\r\nthen analyzed using qualitative analysis methods based on Lawrence M.\r\nFriedman’s legal system theory, which encompasses legal structure, legal\r\nsubstance, and legal culture as well as the theory of legal protection, which\r\nencompasses preventive and repressive legal protection.\r\nResearch findings indicate that the continued prevalence of illegal tin\r\nmining in Buding Village is influenced by several factors, namely, the\r\ncommunity's reliance on the mining sector for their livelihood, limited\r\nalternative employment options, the high economic value of tin, and the\r\nperception among some community members that mining is a common\r\noccupation. From a legal framework perspective, monitoring and\r\nenforcement have been carried out by the village government,\r\nBhabinkamtibmas officers, and police personnel through patrols, warnings,\r\nthe installation of prohibition banners, and the confiscation of mining\r\nequipment. However, law enforcement has not been fully effective due to\r\nlimited authority, the vast area under supervision, and the fact that residents\r\ncontinue to engage in mining after enforcement actions. Based on the\r\nprovisions of Article 98 of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning\r\nEnvironmental Protection and Management, law enforcement against illegal\r\ntin mining activities in Buding Village has not been effective. This is\r\ndemonstrated by the ongoing illegal tin mining activities that result in\r\nenvironmental damage, thus the goal of law enforcement to prevent\r\nenvironmental pollution and damage has not been fully achieved."^^xsd:string;
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