http://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/79163 2026-10-15T03:10:41Z info:eu-repo/semantics/descriptiveMetadata https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/79163/ EPISTEMOLOGI KEBENARAN DALAM PEMIKIRAN ABU HAMID AL-GHAZALI (1058-1111 M) DAN FRITHJOF SCHUON (1907-1998 M): STUDI KOMPARATIF Azkiya Tsany Baharsyah, NIM.: 24205011027 140 Pandangan-Pandangan Filsafat Khusus This study addresses the tendency of certain epistemological approaches to reduce truth to discursive reason or sensory experience, alongside the insufficient justification granted to spiritual knowledge when detached from clear criteria of validation. It examines the structure of the epistemology of truth in the thought of Abu Hamid al-Ghazali and Frithjof Schuon, identifies their points of convergence and fundamental divergence, and formulates a possible supra-rational synthesis as an interpretive framework for contemporary Islamic epistemology. Employing a library-based research design, the study adopts philosophical, comparative, and integrative approaches, drawing on the primary works of both thinkers and relevant secondary literature. The findings indicate that al-Ghazali's epistemology is structured hierarchically, beginning with sensory perception and reason, proceeding through revelation, and culminating in the purified heart (qalb), cultivated through tazkiyat al-nafs, which enables kashf and dhawq as forms of direct knowledge. However, such knowledge remains subject to the normative authority of revelation and sharia, as well as the critical scrutiny of sound reason. Schuon, by contrast, distinguishes discursive reason from the non-discursive Intellect, while revelation and tradition serve to manifest a single universal truth, understood as sophia perennis. Both thinkers converge in their critique of reductive rationalism and their affirmation of the transformative dimension of truth. Nevertheless, they diverge in their ontological and theological commitments, particularly concerning the status of particular revelation and the authority of sharia. On this basis, the study proposes a supra-rational epistemological model as a methodological abstraction that integrates empirical, rational, intuitive, revelational, and spiritual forms of knowledge without undermining the critical function of reason. 2026-08-06 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text id https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/79163/1/24205011027_BAB-I_IV-atau-V_DAFTAR-PUSTAKA.pdf text id https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/79163/2/24205011027_BAB-II_sampai_SEBELUM-BAB-TERAKHIR.pdf Azkiya Tsany Baharsyah, NIM.: 24205011027 (2026) EPISTEMOLOGI KEBENARAN DALAM PEMIKIRAN ABU HAMID AL-GHAZALI (1058-1111 M) DAN FRITHJOF SCHUON (1907-1998 M): STUDI KOMPARATIF. Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA. info:eu-repo/semantics/objectFile info:eu-repo/semantics/objectFile info:eu-repo/semantics/humanStartPage