TY  - THES
N1  - Sudarlin, M. Si.
ID  - digilib79617
UR  - https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/79617/
A1  - Azzarkasyi Azka, NIM.: 22106030019
Y1  - 2026/08/28/
N2  - Kepok banana peel (Musa acuminata × balbisiana Colla) is a biomass waste
containing minerals such as potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and silicon, making it
a potential raw material for heterogeneous catalysts. This study aimed to analyze
the characteristics of a catalyst derived from calcined kepok banana peel in terms
of basicity, morphology, elemental composition, surface area, pore characteristics,
and crystal structure, as well as to evaluate its performance in the transesterification
of palm oil. The catalyst was prepared by calcination at 750°C for 3 hours and
subsequently characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy
Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and X-ray
Diffraction (XRD) analyses. Basicity was assessed using the Hammett indicator
method combined with benzoic acid titration. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)
product was analyzed in terms of yield and compound composition using Gas
Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). ?The ?basicity ? test ? revealed ? an ?H? ?
value of greater than 9.3, with a total basicity of 0.76 ± 0.043 mmol/g. EDX analysis
identified potassium as the predominant metallic element at 15.90%. XRD analysis
performed using the Match! application and the Crystallography Open Database
(COD) ?identified ?the ?crystalline ?phases ?Ca?(PO?)?, ?CaCO?, ?K?P?O?, ?K?SiO?, ?K?CO?, ?
and KCl. Crystal structure analysis revealed variations in crystal systems, lattice
parameters, and interplanar spacings among the constituent phases, while Scherrer
equation calculations yielded crystallite sizes ranging from 3.65 to 43.64 nm. BETBJH
analysis showed a specific surface area of 20.90 m²/g, a total pore volume of
0.0864 cm³/g, and an average pore diameter of 16.54 nm. Transesterification carried
out using 7% catalyst loading, an oil-to-methanol molar ratio of 1:15, a reaction
temperature of 60?65°C, and a reaction time of 2 hours produced FAME with a
volumetric yield of 75.00%, or approximately 73.92% based on mass estimation.
GC-MS analysis showed that 13 out of 16 identified peaks corresponded to FAME
compounds, with a total area of 99.48%, in which C18:1 FAME was the most
abundant component at 51.84%. These results indicate that the kepok banana peelbased
catalyst possesses basic properties along with physical characteristics and a
crystal structure that support its use as a heterogeneous catalyst, although the FAME
yield obtained has not yet reached the defined target.
PB  - UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
KW  - FAME
KW  -  Kulit Pisang Kepok
KW  -  Katalis Heterogen
KW  -  Transesterifikasi
M1  - skripsi
TI  - SINTESIS DAN ANALISIS MORFOLOGI DAN LUAS PERMUKAAN KATALIS DARI KULIT PISANG KEPOK SERTA APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI KATALIS PADA TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT
AV  - restricted
EP  - 137
ER  -