@phdthesis{digilib79626,
           month = {August},
           title = {UJI ANTIBAKTERI DAUN KEPEL (Stelechocarpus burahol) DENGAN PELARUT ETANOL DAN ETIL ASETAT PADA FORMULASI PASTA GIGI},
          school = {UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA},
          author = {NIM.: 22106040037 Fasya Fatima Anggraeni},
            year = {2026},
            note = {Agessty Ika Nurlita, M.Si.},
        keywords = {Antibakteri, Daun Kepel, Pasta Gigi, Stelechocarpus Burahol, Streptococcus Mutans},
             url = {https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/79626/},
        abstract = {Dental caries is caused by Streptococcus mutans. Fluoride, a key ingredient in conventional toothpaste, plays a major role in enamel remineralization, but it has limited antibacterial effects and carries a risk of side effects, so herbal alternatives are needed. This study determined the most effective concentration of kepel leaf (Stelechocarpus burahol) extract, using ethanol 70\% and ethyl acetate as solvents, as an antibacterial agent against S. mutans, and formulated and evaluated a toothpaste containing the extract. Maceration extraction yielded 13.26\% (ethanol) and 8.69\% (ethyl acetate). Disc diffusion testing at concentrations of 5\%, 10\%, and 15\% showed significantly different inhibition zones among concentrations (Kruskal-Wallis, p{\ensuremath{<}}0.01), with no significant effect of solvent type (Mann-Whitney); 10\% and 15\% were selected as the best concentrations. Toothpaste formulated with both concentrations met SNI standards (organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, spreadability), except for the foaming capacity of the 10\% ethanol formula. Inhibition zones of the toothpaste at 10\% and 15\% were significantly larger than the negative control but smaller than chlorhexidine. Kepel leaf extract shows potential as a natural antibacterial agent for toothpaste, although its activity remains weaker than synthetic active ingredients.}
}