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bibo:abstract "This study examines the system of government in modern Islamic politics through a comparative study of the political thought of Taqiy ad-Dīn an-Nabhānī and Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī. The study is motivated by differences in their views concerning the form of government, the source and legitimacy of political authority, the position of Islamic law, the role of society, and the use of modern political mechanisms, particularly democracy. This study aims to describe the views of Taqiy ad-Dīn an- Nabhānī and Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī on the system of government in modern Islamic politics, analyze the reasons underlying their differences, and examine their views based on al-Māwardī's theory of fiqh siyasah. \r\n\r\nThis research employs library research with a descriptive-comparative nature and a normative approach. The data were collected through documentary study of primary sources consisting of the works of Taqiy ad-Dīn an-Nabhānī and Yūsuf al- Qaraḍāwī, as well as secondary sources including books, journals, theses, dissertations, and relevant scholarly articles. The data were analyzed descriptively and comparatively by presenting the political thought of both scholars, identifying their similarities and differences, and subsequently examining them through al-Māwardī's theory of fiqh siyasah, particularly concerning leadership, political legitimacy, the appointment of leaders, Islamic law, shura, and public interest. \r\n\r\nThe findings show that Taqiy ad-Dīn an-Nabhānī views the Islamic system of government as a Khilāfah based on Islamic law, in which sovereignty belongs to Islamic law and political authority is exercised by the community through bay‘ah to the caliph. Therefore, he rejects democracy as a system of government when it places the people as the holders of sovereignty in determining laws. In contrast, Yūsuf al- Qaraḍāwī adopts a more flexible approach by emphasizing shura, justice, trustworthiness, public participation, governmental oversight, and public interest, while accepting democratic mechanisms as long as they do not contradict Islamic law. From the perspective of al-Māwardī's fiqh siyasah, both perspectives share common ground regarding the importance of Islamic law, leadership, public legitimacy, and public interest, but differ in the form and mechanism of their implementation. These differences stem from their different intellectual orientations, approaches to Islamic law and political realities, conceptions of sovereignty and political authority, views of democracy, and considerations of public interest and modern political contexts."^^xsd:string;
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