Institutional Repository UIN Sunan Kalijaga YogyakartaPENGEMBANGAN E-MODUL ENERGI TERBARUKAN BERBASIS EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (ESD) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PESERTA DIDIK KELAS X SMA/MANIM.: 22104050003Rinda OktaviyaniauthorThe rapid advancement of information and communication technology has driven the transformation of learning toward the use of more interactive and innovative digital learning materials. However, in renewable energy instruction, the learning materials are still predominantly limited to printed textbooks, student worksheets, and PowerPoint presentations accompanied by teacher explanations. As a result, they provide limited support for independent learning and tend to make students lose interest quickly. Furthermore, the learning process has not yet integrated the principles of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), particularly the systems thinking competency, which is essential for enabling students to understand energy-related and sustainability issues comprehensively. This study aimed to determine the development process, product quality, students' responses, and the improvement of students' critical thinking skills through the use of an ESD-based renewable energy e-module. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the 4D model consisting of the Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. The research instruments included instrument validation sheets, product quality assessment sheets, student response questionnaires, and a critical thinking skills test. The data were analyzed using Aiken's V coefficient, mean scores, percentages, and the N-gain test. The results showed that the developed e-module was categorized as very good based on evaluations by subject matter experts, media experts, and a physics teacher, with mean scores of 3.80, 3.96, and 3.66, respectively. Students' responses to the e-module were classified as agree, with a score of 0.94. The implementation of the e-module also improved students' critical thinking skills, as indicated by an N-gain score of 0.66, which falls into the moderate category. Therefore, the ESD-based renewable energy e-module is highly suitable for use as a digital learning resource to support physics learning and enhance students' critical thinking skills. Keywords: e-module, renewable energy, Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), critical thinking skills.530.7 Pendidikan Fisika2026-08-13UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA;FAKULTAS ILMU TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUANThesis

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