<> "The repository administrator has not yet configured an RDF license."^^ . <> . . . "THE ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE ‘ABBASID DECLINE DURING THE BUWAYHID RULE IN THE FOURTHTENTH CENTURY"^^ . "The ‘Abbasid caliphate in the fourth/tenth century suffered from a sharp\r\neconomic decline. This was the result of several factors, mainly civil wars, the\r\nZanj and Qarmatian revolts, political interference by the Turkish and\r\nDaylamite soldiers, military iqta‘ and the activity of the ‘ayyarun. The\r\ncivil wars had a destructive effect on the city of Baghdad and its citizens,\r\nruined most of the land and caused a devaluation of dirham and dinars.\r\nThe revolts of the Zanj and Qarmatians paralyzed trade in southern Iraq\r\nleading to a stagnation of currency and the banking system and a decrease in\r\nfinancial activity. The involvement of the Turkish and Daylamite soldiers in\r\npolitics, and rivalries among them to gain power, led to the devastation of\r\ncanals, dams and consequently ruined the agricultural sector. In addition, the\r\nintroduction of military iqta‘ during this period resulted in the damage of\r\ncultivated lands due to their excessive exploitation and abandonment of their\r\nirrigation system. Finally, the activities of the ‘ayyarun in looting merchants’\r\ngoods, burning many houses, and killing people, inflicted considerable loss on\r\nthe merchants, encouraging the latter to leave Baghdad and do business in\r\nother cities."^^ . "2009-06-13" . . . "Aljamiah Vol 47, No 2 (2009)"^^ . . . . . . . . "-"^^ . "UDJANG THOLIB "^^ . "- UDJANG THOLIB "^^ . . . . . . "THE ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE ‘ABBASID DECLINE DURING THE BUWAYHID RULE IN THE FOURTHTENTH CENTURY (Text)"^^ . . . "UDJANG THOLIB THE ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE ‘ABBASID DECLINE DURING THE BUWAYHID RULE IN THE FOURTHTENTH CENTURY.pdf"^^ . . . "THE ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE ‘ABBASID DECLINE DURING THE BUWAYHID RULE IN THE FOURTHTENTH CENTURY (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "lightbox.jpg"^^ . . . "THE ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE ‘ABBASID DECLINE DURING THE BUWAYHID RULE IN THE FOURTHTENTH CENTURY (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . . "THE ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE ‘ABBASID DECLINE DURING THE BUWAYHID RULE IN THE FOURTHTENTH CENTURY (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "medium.jpg"^^ . . . "THE ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE ‘ABBASID DECLINE DURING THE BUWAYHID RULE IN THE FOURTHTENTH CENTURY (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "small.jpg"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #9810 \n\nTHE ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE ‘ABBASID DECLINE DURING THE BUWAYHID RULE IN THE FOURTHTENTH CENTURY\n\n" . "text/html" . . . "Al Jamiah Jurnal" . .