KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL KIAI-SANTRI: STUDI TENTANG KEBERLANGSUNGAN TRADISI PESANTREN DI ERA MODERN

SUPARJO, NIM. 06.31.508 (2013) KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL KIAI-SANTRI: STUDI TENTANG KEBERLANGSUNGAN TRADISI PESANTREN DI ERA MODERN. ["eprint_fieldopt_thesis_type_phd" not defined] thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA.

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Abstract

The Pesantren as the institution of Islamic education, which has developed from the early stage to modern era of Islamic development, has distinctive mechanism of preserving both the tradition and the reception of modernity. It hence proved its existence and role in Indonesian society. The dynamics of interaction between the pesantren and modernity touches the most basic social forms of interaction found in the kyai-santri inter-personal communication. The research focuses on the persistence of tradition in the kyaisantri interpersonal communication in modern era of pesantren. The dimension elaborates the pattern of developing interpersonal communication, the mechanism of persistence, the meaning and the socio-cultural supporting factors. It covered the setting in Pesantren Futuhiyyah and other Pesantrens around Suburan, Mranggen, Demak. This research uses post-structural sociological approach by applying the main theories of Bourdieu's habitus, Giddens' structuration theory, Foucault's panoticonisation, Bourdieu' s social distinction, Gidden and Bourdieu' s social transformation, and Habermas' communicative acts. It is a type of constructivistqualitative research with participatory observation, in-depth interview, documentation and questionnaire. In order to operationalize the framework of sociology theory, the method of qualitative analysis is applied. Based on the finding, the practice of interpersonal communication of kiaisantri in Pesantren Futuhiyyah Mranggen Demak could be categorized into the pedagogic-ethic pattern. The apparent performance of both verbal and non-verbal language is the closed-distant one. It is a closed communication because of kinship relationship and is the distant one because of the kyai charisma and the source of barakah. The behavior lied on the ethic-religio values of the pesantren extracted in the kitab kuning or in the living tradition. The behavior of communication developed through the habituation process based on the combination of ethicreflective and practical awareness. The behavior had its place in the climate of religious patronage of social relation which the santri indebted much on the kyai's tradition and knowledge, the charisma, and the barakah that showed in the relatively absolute obedience to the kyai. The configuration of those elements forms the ethic-pedagogic type of communication pattern in that it is not voluntarily accepted and practiced but it becomes the ideal standard of behavior amongst the pesantren community. The pattern of communication eventually forms the collective habitus in the kyai-santri inter-personal communication. The habitus of ethic-pedagogic communication becomes then the sedimentation of pesantren tradition that gave a way the birth of the relativepermanent pattern of behavior between the kyai-santri in various space and time dimension either inside -or outside of the pesantren and in both religious and social life in general. The situation is supported by the symbolic power of the kyai and the establishment of the society, institution and practice of tradition, which are in favor of the pesantren. There appears then a social symptom of the abrasive tradition, meaning that the social modern behavior of the entity has influenced the communication tradition of the kyai-santri through the adoption of Bahasa Indonesia, formal education, the new non-pesantren community, the layout of the pesantren, and modernization. In a concise word, the ethic-paedagogic type of communication is present since it becomes the collective habitus and long-term tradition. The supporting factors include the socio-cultural aspect of both tradition and knowledge relation with isnad and ijazah system, the kyai' s charisma, the symbolic figure of the kyai and the barakah. It means the dynamics of the change of the kyai-santri interpersonal communication that is influenced by the modernization bore in the ethic-pedagogic pattern of communication. Key Words: The kyai, santri, interpersonal communication, ethic-pedagogic communication, the kyai's charisma, the barakalt, knowledge and tradition relation

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