PEMIKIRAN DAN GERAKAN DAKWAH MULTIKULTURAL K.H. ABDURRAHMAN WAHID DI INDONESIA

ROSIDI, NIM. 1130017003/S3 (2015) PEMIKIRAN DAN GERAKAN DAKWAH MULTIKULTURAL K.H. ABDURRAHMAN WAHID DI INDONESIA. Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This dissertation discussed the multicultural thoughts and dakwah (propaganda) movements in Indonesia, especially the thoughts and propaganda movement by Abdurrahman Wahid or Gus Dur. This research was important, at least based on two reasons. First, the figure of Gus Dur as a phenomenal, humorous, and antagonist preacher could find relevance in the context of the propagation of Islam in Indonesia. Second, the Indonesian nation was born as a multicultural and pluralistic nation in various aspects of life. The issues examined in this study were: (1) the patterns of Gus Dur’s thoughts and propaganda movement, (2) the background of Gus Dur’s multicultural thoughts and propaganda movement, (3) the approach and methods of propaganda that he used, and (4) the multicultural thinking and propaganda message or material brought by Gus Dur. The main data in this dissertation were explored through Gus Dur’s books or writings dispersed in the form of books and articles. Secondly, the data were obtained through the writings of others who cited Gus Dur’s thoughts and opinions, in books, magazines, journals, and others. The third, data were obtained through interviews with some of the figures considered to understand Gus Dur’s thoughts and attitudes. The approach in this study was hermeneutic using a method of critical historical data analysis. There were some findings in this dissertation. The patterns of Gus Dur’s thoughts were cosmopolitan, multicultural, inclusive and sometimes liberal. Gus Dur was influenced by his family, especially his father’s tradition of thought, Islamic schools and NU, in addition to his personal experience. Gus Dur’s thoughts and propaganda movements were also because of the fact that Indonesia is a multicultural country. According to Gus Dur, maintaining multiculturalism was the same as keeping the five basic life (usul al-khamsah) taught by Islam. Gus Dur’s propaganda approach was multicultural, humanist, and loyal to principle/law of Indonesia. The propaganda methods were by oral (bi al-lisan), writings (bi al-kitabah), and real actions (bi al-hal). Gus Dur’s multicultural thoughts were that Islam as a religion of grace had to be taught peacefully, by avoiding violence. Propaganda had to respect the communities’ cultural rights. His other propaganda thoughts were the development of the meaning of Aswaja, indigenization of Islam, Islam as a social ethics, Islam as anti-violence, eliminating egocentric but accepting diversity and differences, building modernity without breaking tradition, Islam and social justice, Islam and democracy, Islam and human rights, and Islam and terrorism. Gus Dur’s multicultural propaganda movements were carried through making statements, showing attitude, making policies to defense minority cultural rights seized by the majority and the hegemonic power of the state, and building a civil society through: (1) cultural movement, (2) empowerment through religious axiology, (3) the empowerment of community spirituality, (4) empowerment of theology, and (5) the empowerment of political power. Gus Dur also establishes dialogue and cooperation among religions.

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