PEMIKIRAN ‘IZZUDDIN BIN ‘ABD AS-SALAM TENTANG MASLAHAH

ABDUL DJALAL NIM : 983118/S3, NIM. 983118/S3 (2016) PEMIKIRAN ‘IZZUDDIN BIN ‘ABD AS-SALAM TENTANG MASLAHAH. Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This dissertation examines the thinking of ‘Izzuddln bin Abd as-Salam on the maslahah (benefits) of using the philosophy approach. Through this approach, this dissertation has several research questions to be answered concerning 1) the nature of maslahah in the thinking of Tzzuddln bin Abd as-Salam, 2) the implementation of the thinking of TzzuddTn bin 'Abd as-Salam on maslahah in the teachings of Islam, and 3) the relevance of the idea of TzzuddTn bin 'Abd as-Salam on maslahah in the development of Islamic sciences. This dissertation aims to explain and understand the thinking of TzzuddTn bin 'Abd as-Salam on the maslahah following the context and implementation of his thinking on the maslahah in the Islamic teachings and its relevance in the development of Islamic sciences. For this purpose, this dissertation uses Pau Ricoeur's theory of interpretation as a frame of the theory. In the stage of analyzing the data and research resources, this dissertation uses qualitative analysis resting on hermeneutics methods. This dissertation has gained some findings. First, maslahah in the thinking of TzzuddTn bin 'Abd as-Salam in essence is a fundamental value underlying the whole teachings (law) of Islam. The thinking on such maslahah is different from the thought of maslahah by other thinkers. If other thinkers, such as al-Gazali, at-Tufi, and as-Syatibi, see maslahah in the context of the 'amaliyyah (practical) teachings, fiqh (jurisprudence) or ushul fiqh, TzzuddTn bin 'Abd as-Salam speaks about maslahah in the area of the teachings of Islam as a whole, both the teachings of faith (al-i’tiqadiyyah), moral teachings (al-khuluqiyyah) and practical teaching (‘amaliyyah). Second, the thinking of TzzuddTn bin 'Abd as-Salam on maslahah is implemented in all the teachings of Islam through the fulfillment of rights, both the rights of Allah, human rights, and animals in religious behavior, social behavior, and ecological behavior. In religious behavior, maslahah is realized through the adjustment to the characteristics of human beings, through the implementation of the principle of obedience and the respects of the rights of Allah. While in social and ecology behavior, maslahah is materialized through the imitation of the natures of Allah, basing on the principle of virtue, and the respect to the rights of fellow human beings, even to the rights of animals and the natural surrounding environment. Third, the thinking of TzzuddTn bin 'Abd as-Salam on maslahah has relevance as an approach in developing Islamic science, in terms of aqidah science, the science of morality, as well as fiqh science. The development of the Islamic sciences with maslahah approach is based on three principles: 1) material objects that refer to human welfare, 2) oriented to the future through continuous research, and 3) able to bring high morality to reach true and eternal delicacy and joy.

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