DINAMIKA KOMUNITAS DIASPORA HADRAMI DALAM GERAKAN AL-IRSYAD DI INDONESIA, 1945-2007

MIFTAHUDDIN, MHUM, NIM. 1130016025 (2017) DINAMIKA KOMUNITAS DIASPORA HADRAMI DALAM GERAKAN AL-IRSYAD DI INDONESIA, 1945-2007. Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

The issue of identity accompanied by turmoil, conflicts and divisions indicated Hadrami community dynamics in Al-Irsyad during the period of 1945 to 2007 as a social process in addressing the social situation, politics, religion, and culture that flourished in Indonesia. To obtain a full picture of the dynamics of the Hadrami diaspora community in Al-Ershad movement in Indonesia, this study, first, explains the existence of the Hadrami diaspora community and its relationship with the organization of Al-Irsyad. Secondly, it describes the dynamics that occur in the environment of Hadrami community in Al-Irshad movement in the early independence period until the Reformation period in Indonesia. Third, it describes the emergence of conflicts and the cause of divisions in Hadrami diaspora community in Al-Irshad movement. The methodology used in this study is the approach of social history, seeing the intricacies of Hadrami diaspora community in the battle of Al-Irsyad. Because this study wants to do an analysis of causality, environmental condition, socio-cultural context, as well as the elements that constitute the component (part of the whole) and the exponent (the perpetrators) of the historical process of Hadrami diaspora community, “framework” or reference is provided with the help of a set of concepts and theory as an analytical tool. This methodology leads to the approach, which will determine the description of an event, which is operationalized by a set of concepts and theories. Operationally in explaining social processes of Hadrami diaspora communities through the movement of Al-Irsyad, the concept of social change, identity, diaspora, dynamics, and assimilation as a framework for understanding is then used. The results show, first, that within the period of 1945 to 2007, the dynamics occurred along with Hadrami community in Al-Irsyad facing issues of social, politics, religion, and culture in Indonesia. Secondly, the dynamics of Hadrami community in Al-Irshad movement was marked by frequent shift orientation to the identity of being Arabic-ness to become Indonesian-ness, and sometimes bact to become Arabic-ness. Assimilation and accommodation were a pattern developed by Hadrami community in the social process, both in the Old Order and New Order. Finally, multiple identities were inherent in Hadrami community, which could be understood by some Arabic-ness, some local (Indonesian-ness), and fully Muslim. Third, when Indonesia changed in the era of reform characterized by democratization and freedom, with Hadrami community in Al-Irsyad changed, too, being free to identify themselves. However, this freedom resulted in identity shock followed by a severe conflict in the body of Al-Irsyad. This conflict was triggered by an Irsyadi group that was pro Salafi propaganda da’wa with financial support from countries such as Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, that they felt entitled to carry and lead Al-Irsyad. Those ways were not agreed upon and liked by an Irsyadi group leader Geys Amar, that this eventually led to the seizure of leadership and divisions in 2007.

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