MANAJEMEN PESANTREN DALAM PENGUATAN EKONOMI DAN PENDIDIKAN (STUDI PADA TIGA PESANTREN DI JAWA BARAT)

M. Toriq Nurmadiansyah, NIM.: 19304016017 (2025) MANAJEMEN PESANTREN DALAM PENGUATAN EKONOMI DAN PENDIDIKAN (STUDI PADA TIGA PESANTREN DI JAWA BARAT). Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This study aims to understand how patron-client relationships between kiai (Islamic clerics) and santri (students) in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) contribute to the creation of economic self-reliance. Initially centered on religious legitimacy and leadership, this relationship now plays a vital role in strengthening the economic base of pesantren. The strong loyalty of santri to their kiai is a key factor in the successful management of pesantren-based enterprises. Islamic boarding schools such as Kebon Jambu Al-Islamy, Al-Biruni, and Al-Muntadhor in Babakan Ciwaringin, Cirebon, have demonstrated that patron-client ties directly affect the success of various business units. These schools integrate santri’s entrepreneurial skills into the economic management of the pesantren to ensure sustainability and independent economic development. This research adopts a descriptive-qualitative approach, employing patronclient theory and reciprocity theory to analyze the relationship between kiai and santri in the context of pesantren economic self-reliance. Patron-client theory is used to understand the dynamics of santri's subordination to their kiai, while reciprocity theory helps explain the non-economic exchanges within the pesantren’s economic networks. Data were collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation from three Islamic boarding schools in West Java: Pesantren Kebon Jambu Al-Islamy, Pondok Pesantren Al-Biruni, and Pondok Pesantren Al-Muntadhor. Triangulation techniques were used to validate the collected data, ensuring comprehensive and in-depth results regarding the role of patron-client relationships and reciprocity in supporting pesantren economic selfsufficiency. The findings reveal: first, economic management in the pesantren reflects the synergy of familial values, spirituality, and communal solidarity that form the foundation of pesantren culture. The patron-client structure applied within the institutions supports the financial independence of santri and strengthens both reciprocity ties and collective responsibility. Second, the success of pesantren economic management does not only stem from effective managerial strategies but also manifests the principles of spirituality, trust, and togetherness deeply embedded in the pesantren social system. Third, this economic management not only reinforces the financial independence of the pesantren but also establishes a robust economic network. The pesantren evolves into an institution capable of adapting to modern technologies and transforming into a dynamic and responsive body amid economic changes. Hence, the economic management of pesantren serves as a catalyst for creating an economic model that integrates spiritual values with innovation and economic empowerment.

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