RELASI SOSIAL-EKONOMI KOMUNITAS ARAB DAN CINA DI SURABAYA TAHUN 1906-1919

Aris Lukman Hakim, S. Hum, NIM.: 17201020004 (2020) RELASI SOSIAL-EKONOMI KOMUNITAS ARAB DAN CINA DI SURABAYA TAHUN 1906-1919. Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This research discusses the socio-economic relations of the Arab community and the Chinese community in Surabaya in 1906-1919. They are immigrants, most of them, work as traders. They come by sea and lean on the port to carry out trade transactions. In general, they have different backgrounds. The arrival of the Dutch made them have to live under policy pressures that made their activities completely limited, so they tried to get out of the bonds of the rules that were limiting them. One of the efforts made by the Chinese community was to gain equality with the European nation. The Chinese community often protested and started wearing European-style clothing. Their efforts made the Arab community unhappy. The beating of a member of the Chinese community by elements from the Arab community was one of the triggers for riots between them. This research uses a sociological approach. The concept used in this study is a social group to see socio-economic activities and the stratification of the Arab and Chinese communities; social processes are used to see the relationship between Arab, Chinese, Bumiputra and Dutch communities; and the concept of collective behavior to see the causes of the rioting in the Arab and Chinese communities in Surabaya. The method used in this research is the historical method which includes heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The results of this study that to show the social relations between the Arabs and the Chinese are caused by complex factors. They established relationships with Bumiputra and European nations to achieve their trading goals. Nevertheless, the Arab and The Chinese are fighting over consumers in their own ways because their target consumers are the same, namely Bumiputra. In addition, the same religious factor between the Arab community and the Bumiputra was one of its own advantages, while the Chinese community was closer to the Dutch East Indies government so that they received security guarantees based on European trade law. The hegemony of the Dutch East Indies government as the ruler always pressured the Arabs and the Chinese to remain subject to it. This causes them to keep trying to equalize their social status with the European nation. The rapid socio-economic changes among the Chinese after the Chinese revolution in 1911 made the Arabs jealous of this achievement. The beating of a member of the Chinese community in Tuban triggered the start of a mass collective movement in Surabaya with a background of ethnicity. They have the same slogan "life is rewarded with life". Killing each other is not a natural act, but because of the envy that exists in the Arab community, they have to sacrifice their lives. Such collective behavior arises because of the collective tension between the two communities.

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