KONSEP PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN DALAM SISTEM EKONOMI KEMAKMURAN BERSAMA: Telaah Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam Kahrudin Yunus (1915-1979)

Addiarrahman, M.S.I, NIM.: 1330316005 (2020) KONSEP PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN DALAM SISTEM EKONOMI KEMAKMURAN BERSAMA: Telaah Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam Kahrudin Yunus (1915-1979). Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Kahrudin Yunus is the first figure who initiated the study of Islamic economics in Indonesia through his work Sistem Ekonomi Kemakmuran Bersama (The Shared Prosperity Economic System) published in 1954. However, according to Kuntowijoyo and M. Dawam Rahardjo, his thought has been immersed in the current of politics. This is due to the intermittently traditional thinking in Indonesia that the thought is absent in the current Islamic economic discourse. For this reason, this preliminary study attempts to elaborate Kahrudin Yunus’ Islamic economic thinking. This study deals with four concerns, i.e., what and how the co-prosperity economic system is; why Kahrudin Yunus argued that trade is an unfair distribution and that it is the root of the problem of economic development; the concept of sustainable development in a common prosperity economic system; and the relevance of Kahrudin Yunus’ Islamic economic thought for sustainable development in Indonesia. The research data are obtained from Kahrudin Yunus’ academic work, in the form of a dissertation, books and articles he wrote since 1938. Interviews with Kahrudin Yunus’ children, nephews, and relatives aer also conducted. The presentation and process of data analysis are carried out using the sociology of science approach. This is done in two processes, i.e., 1) understanding Kahrudin Yunus’ thoughts with the setting of time and circumstances that underlie it and 2) finding the relevance and contextualization of his ideas to the discourse of sustainable development. The study concludes that the shared prosperity is an economic system based on Islamic values and aims to achieve equitable distribution, in form of the distribution of natural resources, employment opportunities, and production results to the whole society by increasing productive and innovative work and eliminating anything that can hinder the realization of these goals. Trade becomes xvi an unfair distribution and an obstacle to development because trade creates a long distribution chain and, at the same time, creates merchant groups (oligarchs), resulting in imperfect competition. Development in a shared prosperity economic system emphasizes the development of human resources and infrastructure starting from the village. This concept is in fact very relevant for achieving sustainable development goals. Kahrudin Yunus’ rejection of trade was, nevertheless, not relevant and the arguments he developed were not strong enough. However, the concept of direct buying and selling between producers and consumers is actually very relevant to the current digital economy context.

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