Hermeneutika Sufistik dalam Literatur Tarekat (Kajian atas Manuskrip Pengajian Tarekat Syattariyah Minangkabau)

Shafwatul Bary, NIM: 18200010096 (2020) Hermeneutika Sufistik dalam Literatur Tarekat (Kajian atas Manuskrip Pengajian Tarekat Syattariyah Minangkabau). Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Sufistic style in human interaction with the Qur'an is the result of the interaction of Sufism itself with the verses of the Qur'an. In the plural, the commentators interpret it based on reason obtained through their respective spiritual experiences. In the classical theories of Sufistic interpretation, there are two classifications which occupy a tendentious position in the eyes of commentators: falsafi-nazhari and sufi-isyari. Both are considered to be comprehensive enough to map the entire stretch of Sufism in the realm of interpretation. The tarekat as orders of Sufism, through their spiritual activities also cannot escape from interacting with the Qur'an which requires a perspective and understanding of the Qur'an. In this study, the author tries to look further at a way of understanding the Qur'anic verses in a mystic way by one of the quite developed tarekat groups in Minangkabau (West Sumatra Province, Indonesia), namely the Syattariyah order. Through the text written by one of the tarekat teaching scholars, the author saw how they understood the verses they used in the teachings of the tarekat. The aim is to explore the Sufistic interpretation of the Qur'anic verses in the Pengajian Tarekat Syattariyah manuscripts, and also discover patterns and methodologies of Al-Qur’an interpretation in the Pengajian Tarekat Syattariyah manuscripts, and make additional contributions to the literature discussing Sufism discourse. the Islamic world in general, and in Indonesia in particular. This research is a library research with qualitative methods. The questions raised in this study are (1) How is the Sufi hermeneutic of the Qur'anic verses offered in the Pengajian Tarekat Syattariyah manuscripts? (2) What is the pattern and method of the interpretation of the Qur'an in the Pengajian Tarekat Syattariyah manuscripts? Through a descriptiveanalysis approach, the questions produce findings that some of the methods available in Sufi interpretation theory are apparently not comprehensive enough to look at all human interactions with the Qur'an in a Sufi way. Finally, the term hermeneutics which is felt to be broader because it accommodates all types and styles of interaction of people with text, manages to contain it. In this case, the interpretandum in Gracia hermeneutic theory becomes relevant because the interaction of the Sufis with the Qur'an does not always begin with the Qur'an. Sometimes they start from their spiritual journey, then meet with the verses of the Qur’an, and make the results of the trip as a comparator to the text of the verse, as if it is another interpretation of the verse found. As a result the authors chose to call it "Sufistic hermeneutics", because it could be used as a new offer rather than having to linger in two Sufistic interpretation models that do not contain it. Then, note that interpretation of the Al-Qur’an in the Pengajian Tarekat Syattariyah manuscripts, the verses are interpreted in metaphorical way. Understanding which is in the real form which has also been proven by modern science even though it is metaphorized into mental form, verses of human reproduction for example. The influence of the teachings in what they called the Pengajian Tubuh was felt in its elaboration of the Qur'anic verses.

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