TINJAUAN SOSIOLOGI HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PRAKTIK PEMBERIAN MAHAR KEPALA KAMBING DALAM PERNIKAHAN DI SABDODADI KABUPATEN BANTUL

Nazma Tsania Salsabila, S.H., NIM.: 23203011157 (2025) TINJAUAN SOSIOLOGI HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PRAKTIK PEMBERIAN MAHAR KEPALA KAMBING DALAM PERNIKAHAN DI SABDODADI KABUPATEN BANTUL. Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Marriage in Islam is not merely a physical and emotional bond between two individuals, but also a socio-religious institution imbued with values of worship, responsibility, and respect for the dignity of women. One of the essential elements in the marriage contract is the mahr (dowry), which although not strictly defined in form or amount by Islamic law serves as a symbol of the groom’s sincerity and respect toward the bride. In practice, the form of mahr is often influenced by the social, cultural, and economic conditions of a community. A particularly noteworthy phenomenon is the practice of offering a goat’s head as mahr in mass wedding ceremonies held in Sabdodadi Village, Bantul Regency. Although considered uncommon, this practice has gained widespread acceptance within the community and received institutional support, particularly from the Forum Ta’aruf Indonesia (Fortais) and the local Office of Religious Affairs (KUA). This study aims to identify the factors behind the giving of goat dowries and analyze them from the perspective of Islamic legal sociology. The research method used is field research with an Islamic legal sociology approach and descriptive analysis. Data collection techniques were conducted through in depth interviews with community leaders, organizers of mass weddings (Fortais), and KUA officials, as well as documentation. The findings reveal that the use of a goat’s head as mahr is not solely based on rational economic considerations but is also shaped by cultural symbolism, social consensus, and institutional endorsement. The goat’s head is considered affordable, reflective of simplicity, and symbolically meaningful to the local community. Furthermore, this form of mahr has been institutionalized by Fortais as part of a mass marriage program grounded in maslahah (public benefit) and practicality, while remaining consistent with Sharia principles. From the perspective of Islamic legal sociology, this practice illustrates the adaptability and contextual nature of Islamic law in responding to social realities, where legal norms do not stand in abstraction, but rather live and evolve within society’s dynamics. The theory of planned behavior further supports this understanding by highlighting that the community’s positive attitude toward the goat’s head mahr, prevailing social norms, and perceived behavioral control are key drivers in sustaining the practice

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