DOMINASI DAN MARGINALISASI PEMIKIRAN TAKFIRI DALAM STUDI AL-QUR’AN (STUDI PENAFSIRAN SAYYID QUTB DALAM KITAB TAFSIR FI ZILAL AL-QUR’AN)

Abdul Fatah, S.Ud, NIM.: 18205010035 (2021) DOMINASI DAN MARGINALISASI PEMIKIRAN TAKFIRI DALAM STUDI AL-QUR’AN (STUDI PENAFSIRAN SAYYID QUTB DALAM KITAB TAFSIR FI ZILAL AL-QUR’AN). Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Takfiri thought that has developed so far is generally a product of textual interpretation. This is different from Sayyid Quṭb, who has marginalized the bi alriwāyah interpretation method. The discourse of takfiri thought in the realm of Islamic theology is the result of textual interpretation of religious texts that contain takfiri ideology. Textual interpretation refers to tradition, based on the Qur‟an and hadith, the opinions of creed and fiqh scholars, and the opinions of early Muslim commentators. The interpreters in general tend to give textual meaning. So, that gives to a stagnant meaning of takfiri, and ignores the possibility of the flexibility of other meanings. It is different from Sayyid Quṭb who has a different approach in his interpretation which gives a firm interpretation. This study aims to see the dominance and marginalization of the discourse behind Sayyid Quṭb‟s takfiri thought in his commentary. This research is the result of a qualitative library research. The primary data source is the interpretation of verses containing the meaning of takfiri in Tafsīr fī Ẓilāl al-Qur‟ān book. While the secondary data sources include data in the form of literature in the form of books, books, journals, website pages, and other studies. The collected data is then sorted, reduced, and classified according to research needs. The data analysis is done by the exclusion theory and genealogy which formulatef by Michel Foucault. The exclusion theory will be divided into two stages, external and internal to seek the power and control of discourse in interpretation. While in genealogy, the way is using the method of marginalization and normalization. This stage aims to look at the construction of takfiri thought and the influence of Sayyid Quṭb toward the next thought. The results of this study show that the dominance of takfiri discourse in Tafsir fī Ẓilāl al-Qur‟ān occurs through an exclusion mechanism which indicates the existence of a domain of power and control of interpretation. The dominance of the discourse can be seen in two aspects. First, the domain of the power of takfiri thinking includes the interpretation of the QS. al-Mā‟idah [5]: 44 and 50 regarding the affirmation of the status of those who is not ruled by Allah‟s Shari‟ah. Second, the control domain of takfiri thought includes the repetition of takfiri discourse in interpretation which gives rise to takfiri effects and the construction of knowledge of a person called a Muslim or a kafir. While in genealogy, Sayyid Quṭb‟s takfiri thought can be seen through three discourse constructions, namely takfiri discourse in the concepts of ḥākimiyah, ulūhiyah, and jāhiliyah. These three become the spirit of interpretation as well as a person's representation can be called accepting or rejecting God‟s law. This takfiri thought marginalizes the bi al-riwāyah method, marginalizes the paradigm of the plurality of religious meanings, ignores the opinions of classical scholars, and marginalizes the concept of jāhiliyah according to the history of Islamic civilization. And also, there is a normalization of the application of binary opposition interpretation, prioritizing the interpretation of the bi al-ra‟yi method, generalizing the meaning of infidel narrowly, objectivating Muslims as infidels and theocentrism as a model of interpretation paradigm.

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