ZAKAT PERTANIAN PERSPEKTIF MAQASID SYARI‘AH

Waluyo, NIM.: 1430316010 (2022) ZAKAT PERTANIAN PERSPEKTIF MAQASID SYARI‘AH. Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Muslim farmers' lives in social and religious realities are facing serious problems. On a nationwide level, farmer households contribute significantly to the poverty rate. Farmers, in addition, are theologically burdened. Islam requires zakat with the minimum amount of five wasaq. However, the amount of the agricultural zakat is greater than other zakat, that is ten percent or five percent, while the other zakat is only two and a half percent. Observing these issues, the researcher sees the need for research to create a model of agricultural zakat in accordance with maqāṣid syarī‘ah. This study is based on the agricultural zakat theory, maqāṣid syarī‘ah, and the theory of poverty with gold and silver zakat nisab standards. This research employs qualitative methods through literature reviews and field studies. The steps taken in this research are to examine the agricultural zakat theory in turast books, particularly those relating to the expansion of the scope of agricultural zakat, its calculation, the determination of its nisab and amount, its maqāṣid, and its position (whether it belongs to the act of worship or muamalat). This study included 30 Muslim farmers from the Kaloran subdistrict of Temanggung district in Central Java. Data was gathered through interviewing techniques and direct observation on the harvest, both in terms of the agricultural goods and the amount of money earned from selling the products, as well as on the farmers' economic conditions. The findings of this study indicate that the concept of agricultural zakat in the turast books cannot be separated from the Muslim scholars' debates and disagreements over the scope of agricultural zakat, the calculation, the determination of the nisab and the amount, and the position - whether it is in the domain of worship or muamalat. From the perspective of maqāṣid of agricultural zakat, to achieve equitable wealth distribution and to prevent of wealth concentration of the wealthy, the concept of agricultural zakat which is aligned with maqāṣid syarī‘ah in this contemporary era should be operationalized like zakat on gold; that is, with a nisab of 85 grams of gold and a zakat rate of 2.5 percent after deducting production costs, living expenses, taxes, and debt. Agricultural zakat is applied to all agricultural products that have economic value. This operationalization will prevent zakat collection from being off target, especially because many farmers with five wasaq net agricultural products are nonetheless considered as poor. This study contributes to the process of rereading the practice on the basis of the text and then reviewing it with maqāṣid syarī‘ah, which might result in a form of zakat practice that is grounded in the principles of social justice in the present. In addition, this dissertation research empirically serves as being references for the establishment of new fatwas in the modern era, such as the one on zakat, as well as other fatwas based on the reinterpretation of Islamic principles in the area of muamalat in light of contemporary legal phenomena (waqi'iat).

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