SALAFISME, ULAMA DAYAH DAN KONTESTASI OTORITAS KEAGAMAAN DI ACEH

Noviandy, NIM.: 18300016043 (2022) SALAFISME, ULAMA DAYAH DAN KONTESTASI OTORITAS KEAGAMAAN DI ACEH. Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This dissertation aims at studying the religious authority contests between Dayah Ulama and Salafi-Wahabi in Banda Aceh city. Beside socio-anthropological approach to thoroughly examine the occurring phenomena behind it, the study also takes social theories to analyze data obtained from interview, documentation, observation and other references. Specifically, the dissertation studies further the presence of the two religious authorities – the Salafi-Wahabi and the Dayah Ulama – in Banda Aceh, the capital of Aceh province. The results prove that the religious authority contest in Banda Aceh is not merely about religious discrepancies, in particular on ‘Aqidah Islamiyah and fiqhiyah-mazhabiyah, but there is also urgent issue like struggling for a religious public space which means power to both parties and opportunities to expand their authority. The study reveals 3 (three) religious spaces they compete for. First, the fight for worship space. Worship facilities like mosques and mushalas are quite essential for a long-lasting religious authority. And both religious authorities have done many religious constructions from cosmology of religious doctrine, standardized religious rituals to a confirmation of religious existence by taking control worship facilities. Second, the competition for religious policy control. The Islamic law declaration in 2000 did not mean to be in favor of certain mahzab (sect) nor of certain religious authority’s i’tiqad (way). In making policy, however, both competing groups try to control and influence the policy and the implementation of Islamic laws in Banda Aceh. Third, the struggle for the mass. Mass influence is definitely not negligible with regard to religious movements. The role of insignificant agents can be supported by the existence of solid mass. And the existence of mass is strongly related to the agents as the owner of the authority to make the mass move. Both contesting groups will probably remain unknown without enough power of mass in every action. It is this phenomenon that makes mass-influence competition important. This dissertation gives several theoretic contributions in connection with the development of theory of religious authority contest. If Habermas argued that public space is influenced by religion, then proposed a post-secular theory, religious values remain in western public space. Eickelman and Savatore later came up with public Islam, a shared need-oriented concept within Muslim community where every authority in the community works on the same shared goals. This is quite different from the authority contest occurrence in Aceh which grows further and controls religious public space (worship facilities), religious policy, and mass.

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