Conceptualization of Spiritual Leadership Theory in Indonesia

Suseno, Miftahun Ni'mah and Alsa, Asmadi and Yunanto, Kuncono Teguh (2022) Conceptualization of Spiritual Leadership Theory in Indonesia. In: International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research for Sustainable Innovation (ICMRSI), 14-15 February 2022, Virtual Conference.

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Abstract

Researchers have been adopting theories from other countries for over two centuries, includes the study of leadership theories. Spiritual leadership is one of the leadership theories that has a positive impact on organizational and industrial effectiveness. The use of a contextual approach is critical in determining how well the concept of spiritual leadership is implemented in a cultural context. There hasn't been a theory of spiritual leadership developed in Indonesia based on the uniqueness of spiritual values held by Indonesian leaders. The goal of this research is to develop an understanding of spiritual leadership in Indonesia. The applicability of spiritual leadership implementation in Indonesia is encouraged by the Indonesian people's values, which have Pancasila as the foundation of the state and the nation's ideology. Data is collected using an open-ended questionnaire. The total number of people assessed was 472; 199 leaders government agencies and 273 private company leaders, 244 men and 228 women, from 34 provinces, 34 ministries, and 266 private companies in Indonesia. NVivo software was used to do qualitative data analysis utilizing content analysis. A quantitative study, mainly content validation using Aiken V analysis. The findings reveal that the Indonesian view of spiritual leadership differs from that of European and Asian countries. The four dimensions are unique to Indonesian spiritual leadership intrapersonal, interpersonal, natural, and transcendental. Intrapersonal refers to a leader's internal potential, such as integrity, responsibility, honesty, and sincere. Interpersonal refers to a leader's when dealing with others, such as empathy, respect, listening, and fairness. Natural refers to of leaders in their interaction with environment, such as caring for the environment, safeguarding the environment, incorporating environmental ethics into legislation, and effectively managing natural resources. Leaders' attitude and behavior in their relationship with God is transcendental, which involves leading with conscience, obeying worship, believing that position is a gift from God, and being accountable to God. The equality of the number of subjects in each province is the research constraint. It is preferable to consider the proportion of each province for further research. Spiritual leadership can be used as an alternative to the current leadership in government agencies and private companies in Indonesia to accomplish optimal organizational and industrial improvements. Keywords: conceptualization, spiritual leadership, public leaders

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