SUFISME SULTAN AGUNG DAN KEBERAGAMAAN MASYARAKAT MATARAM ABAD XVII

Muhammad Ilham Aziz, NIM.: 20201021002 (2022) SUFISME SULTAN AGUNG DAN KEBERAGAMAAN MASYARAKAT MATARAM ABAD XVII. Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Research on Sultan Agung sufism is an attempt to reveal the existence of Sultan Agung sufism teaching in the context of the religious diversity of the seventeenth century Mataram society. The main problem of this researchis how the existence of sufism teachings of Sultan Agung in the context of the religious community of Mataram in the XVII century? Sultan Agung as the ruler who has an acculturative policy in Mataram which has a big influence on the sosio-religious life of his community. Serat Sastra Gending as one of Sultan Agung works show his intellectual depth and contains Sufism concepts that developed in Mataram society. Sultan Agung explained that the teachings of Sufism were framed in the form of literature, and were associated with the religious behavior of the Mataram community based on local culture. This research on the history of thought was analyzed using a cultural anthropological approach, in line with the religious context of the seventeenth century Mataram society. The concept and theory used is the cultural acculturation of Robert Redfield. This research was conducted with the following historical method stages: 1) heuristics on primary and secondary sources, 2) criticsm of verification of historical sources, to obtain validity of the authenticity of historical sources, 3) interpretation is carried out on historical facts in the whole series of discussions, 4) historiography, as a stage of writing histoy in a systematic and descriptive analytical manner in a diachronic historical chronology frame. The results of this study indicate that: First, during the time of Sultan Agung (1613-1645), the socio-religious condition of the community was closely related to the pantheism embraced by the Javanese inland. During the time of Sultan Agung Islam developed quite significantly in the Mataram area. This development was influenced by the policy of Sultan Agung who made Islam the official religion of the Mataram kingdom. In this area, the development of Islam is cosely related to the structure of Islamic society so that slowly form a religious composition of the Mataram community. Second, the teachings of Sultan Agung Sufism contained in the Serat Sastra Gending illustrate the intellectual depth of Sultan Agung. Sultan Agung Sufism thought in the Serat Sastra Gending can be classified into three Sufism concepts, that is: Islam, Java, and Hinduism. While the aspects of Sufism in it include aspects: Takhalli, Tahalli, and Tajalli. Third, the existence of Sultan Agung sufism teachings contained in the Serat Sastra Geding show the diversity of the Mataram society in the XVII century, this can be seen from the concept of acculturative sufism, which is rooted in monotheism, as well as in the implementation of religious tradition, such as: Sekaten, Grebeg, and Satu Surowhich still attached to the teaching of Islamic religious norms and the morals of Sufism. In addition, the teachings of Sultan Agung sufismare acceptable and show the religious pattern of the seventeenth century Mataram society.

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