FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN PESANTREN SALAFIYAH (STUDI LANDASAN FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN DI PONDOK PESANTREN ROUDLOTUL MUHSININ AL-MAQBUL KUWOLU BULULAWANG MALANG JAWA TIMUR)

Ahmad Sulton, NIM.: 1630016010 (2022) FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN PESANTREN SALAFIYAH (STUDI LANDASAN FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN DI PONDOK PESANTREN ROUDLOTUL MUHSININ AL-MAQBUL KUWOLU BULULAWANG MALANG JAWA TIMUR). Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This study is prompted by criticism to the educational activities undertaken by Islamic educational institutions for their lack of philosophical foundation while adopting Western educational philosophy. On the contrary, as a reputable school, Al-Maqbul Islamic Boarding School refuses to make transformation into a modern one. The school is not influenced by the Western philosophy and still preserves the traditional education system. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain why Al- Maqbul Islamic Boarding School continues adhering to the conventional education system. It is viewed from the perspective of Islamic education philosophy, which is founded on ontology, epistemology, and axiology. This research is field research that takes place at Al-Maqbul Islamic Boarding School in Kuwolu Bululawang, Malang. This qualitative research seeks to describe the data obtained from the field and literature related to the discussion. The purpose of this research is to examine how education is implemented. Data collection approaches such as observation, interview, and documentation were used. All data were evaluated in stages: 1. data reduction, 2. data presentation, and 3. conclusion of the research findings. Validating data requires triangulation in two ways: multiple data and multi-methods. The outcomes of this study are: (1) The school’s adherence to the traditional education system is strongly motivated by the development of its educational philosophy. To comprehend this, it needs to understand, first, the educational goal formulation and, second, the influence of philosophical ideas comprising ontology, epistemology, and axiology foundations on the school’s educational goal formulation. (2) Monisms is evident in the ontology of Al- Maqbul Islamic Boarding School's pedagogical philosophy. The school’s curriculum treats God, mankind, and the universe as objects. Its education's fundamental dimension is the human beings who conduct the pedagogical activities. It views education as a reciprocal process of human adjustment to the environment and to fellow human beings. If there are humans and the universe in education, there must be God who created them, as neither can exist independently. (3) The Bayani is found in Al-Maqbul Islamic Boarding School epistemology of education, but this does not indicate that the school negates the Burhani and Irfani epistemologies. The application of the Burhani appears in sciences such as logic, kalam, and ushul fiqh, while still employing revelation references. Meanwhile, the Irfani is reflected in the school’s beliefs on Laduni science. Laduni science, in a simple and easy-to-understand definition, is the process of obtaining knowledge directly experienced by a person without going through thinking, observation, scientific methods, and understanding texts (bayan). (4) The akhlāq at-Ṭā’ah dan akhlāq al-Fanā’ is noticeable in the educational ethics of al-Maqbul pesantren. This is seen in santri (students) of Al-Maqbul’s respect for loyalty to their Kyai. Akhlāq al- Fanā’ is rooted in the santri’s tradition of showing tremendous reverence for their teachers.

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