HERMENEUTIKA PANCASILA: PARADIGMA PENAFSIRAN AL-QUR’AN KONTEKS KEINDONESIAAN

Ahmad Muttaqin, NIM.: 17300016075 (2022) HERMENEUTIKA PANCASILA: PARADIGMA PENAFSIRAN AL-QUR’AN KONTEKS KEINDONESIAAN. Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This research departs from the theoretical problem of Quranic interpretation in the Indonesian context. Despite the rapid development of contextual approach in Quranic studies, the interpretive approach rooted in Indonesian principles has not been fully developed in a paradigmatic manner. This study highlights the need to develop a contextual approach in the Indonesian context, which is different from that of other nations or countries. It also emphasizes the importance of Pancasila as the basis of interpretation. Pancasila is not only an extract of cultural values and a representation of the social context, but also may serve as a paradigm for Quranic interpretation. For this reason, this research focuses on answering the followings: (i) how is the construction of the existing contextual paradigm of the Quran and why is it necessary to develop it according to the Indonesian context? (ii) why the paradigm Quranic interpretation in the Indonesian context needs to involve Pancasila? (iii) how is the construction of the paradigm of Quranic interpretation in the Indonesian context based on Pancasila? This is a literature review using the paradigm, the contextual approach, hermeneutics, and the philosophy of Pancasila as the conceptual framework. It studied five theories of interpretation of contextualist figures to serve as the basis for developing an interpretive paradigm, namely Fazlur Rahman (1919–1988), Pakistan; Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd (1943–2010), Egypt; Farid Esack (1953– present), South Africa; Abdullah Saeed (1964–present), Maldives; and Sahiron Syamsuddin (1968–present), Indonesia. Five thinkers from different countries were selected to elucidate the genealogy of contextual principles. For the development of the Indonesian context, their ideas were dialogued with Pancasila and theoretical data on exponential thought of Indonesian school of thought brought about by Yudian Wahyudi (1960–present). Data were collected from literature study and documentation method. The data were then processed with comparative-corelational and descriptive-interpretive analyses. This study concludes the following points. First, the principle of interpretation initiated by contextualist figures is influenced by the social, political, and cultural context of the country, and thus it still needs to provide theoretical development. Likewise, the principles of Quranic interpretation of Indonesian thinkers still needs further enrichment with methodical steps rooted in the Indonesian context. The Indonesian aspect is integrated not only in the product of interpretation, but also in the paradigm of interpretation. Second, Pancasila is the current context in the contextual interpretation of Indonesianness. It bears a religious-humanist value as well as the principle of a contextual approach. In addition, Pancasila can serve as a model of reality as well as the ideal interpretation of the Indonesian context. Third, the methodical steps of this paradigm include (1) linguistic analysis and insight of the Qur’an, (2) intertextuality and interdiscursivity, (3) understanding of the macro context of revelation, (4) determination of the universal and particular significance, and (5) actualization of the Indonesian context with the five key words of Pancasila. The results of this study are abstracted by the paradigm term of “Pancasila Hermeneutics”. This paradigm adds to Saeed’s categorization of interpretive approaches (textual, semi-textual, and contextual) with actual approaches. This research also has theoretical implications in the development of Indonesian Islamic studies, which integrates knowledge interpretation of the Qur’an and Pancasila at the paradigmatic level.

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