ACCOUNTABILITY OF THE AFGHAN GOVERNMENT FROM MAQASID PERSPECTIVE: FIVE NECESSITIES OF HUMAN SURVIVAL

Abdul Rahim Hakimi, NIM.: 19300016085 (2022) ACCOUNTABILITY OF THE AFGHAN GOVERNMENT FROM MAQASID PERSPECTIVE: FIVE NECESSITIES OF HUMAN SURVIVAL. Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Afghan citizens have faced numerous challenges, including discrimination against minorities, security threats, immigration, systematic killing, economic crises, and human rights abuses. Therefore, to know whether the Afghan government has taken any action to respond to the mentioned cases or not, the title of the dissertation, "Accountability of the Afghan Government from Maqāsįd Perspective: Five Necessities of Human Survival," has been identified. Thence, it will answer questions like, "What is the relationship between Maqāsįd and government accountability? Have the Afghan governments met their goals and been accountable for the protection of the five necessities of human life? If the government could not protect the five necessities, what were the reasons for the failure? For more information about the previous chaotic situation, I studied others’ writings. Hence, the works of the literature revealed that the governments were not accountable; because of this, they could not progress and have not supported human rights; they have also not accounted for foreigners and people. Similarly, foreign supporters of the government have been complaining and concerned about government accountability. Likewise, human rights organizations complained that governments are reluctant to be accountable. This dissertation uses the Maqasid of Islamic Law, which outlines the five essential components of human survival, as a framework for examining government initiatives, strategies, and metrics to highlight the government's strengths and weaknesses to respond to the second and third questions. such as religious liberty, the protection of the soul, and the mind, the preservation of children, and the protection of property. I obtained the data from different digital libraries, such as Makatabat al-Shamila, Maktabat al-Noor, and other libraries, and the majority of these sources were in Arabic. The other part of the data is achieved from the international and national organizations that have researched or reported the issues. Since understanding the relationship between Maqāsįd of Islamic law and government accountability is important, this research considered the philosophical and methodological terms for further data analysis, which is the answer to the first question. Likewise, chapters three to seven argue the government's accountability is the answer to the second and third questions. Notably, this research is novel. Nobody has investigated government accountability from a Maqasid perspective in Afghanistan or other countries to cover all five necessities of life. Furthermore, the concepts and objectives raised in this dissertation can be simplified for further research in different fields. Like social justice, human rights, corruption, good governance, political economy, and government relationships with people. My findings revealed that the government failed to protect religious minorities' and citizens’ lives. Although the governments have taken steps to reduce narcotics cultivation, establish hospitals to eradicate mental illness, and open schools for mental development, there are gaps. In addition, governments have taken steps to support offspring, such as passing laws, although the laws are rarely enforced. Also, governments have failed to protect public and private property for many reasons. In conclusion, the challenges have continued through the last two decades.

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