Marine Actinomycetes as a Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds

Widowati, Esti Wahyu (2010) Marine Actinomycetes as a Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds. In: Proceeding-International conference On Biotechnology and Climate Change. Postgraduate Program, University of Sebelas Maret, Solo, pp. 219-224. ISBN 798-602-97496-1-8

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Abstract

The Sea is a complex world which have diverse forms of life including the existence of extreme variation of pressure, salinity and temperature. Marine actinomycetes growing in different habitats than terrestrial actinomycetes, with different stress and obstacles, and become dependent on the marine environment. Adaptation of marine actinomycetes against this condition, allegedly causing microorganisms have the ability to synthesize themetabolite that is unique and not found on the mainland. Recently, the rate of discovery of new compounds from existing generaobtained from terrestrial sources has decreased. Thus, it is crucial that newgroups of actinomycetes from unexplored or underexploited habitats bepursued as sources of novel compounds. The diversity of metabolitesproduced by marine actinomycetes is a source for the discovery of newbioactive compounds. These efforts can be done through two approaches,namely the molecular detection of genes encoding the enzymes that play arole in the biosynthesis of certain secondary metabolites and the isolation ofactive compounds by bioassay guided isolation that combines chemical separation techniques with in vitro testing techniques. Identification of marine actinomycetes producing bioactive compounds can be conducted by analyzing its 16S rRNA gene sequences as molecular chronometers.Phylogenetic analysis will show a relationship between the isolates that we found with isolates that have been found previously.

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