Islam and Dormant Citizenship Soft Religious Ethno-Nationalism and Minorities in Aceh, Indonesia

Moch Nur Ichwan, - and Arskal Salim, - and Eka Srimulyani, - (2020) Islam and Dormant Citizenship Soft Religious Ethno-Nationalism and Minorities in Aceh, Indonesia. Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations. pp. 1-26.

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Abstract

This article aims at examining the recent (re)construction of citizenship in Aceh, which is based on sharia as well as on ethnoreligious nationalism, and the impact of this (re)construction on minority rights in the province. Because sharia has become a cultural, social, political and legal fact in Aceh, the province has gradually created its own notion of civic belonging, which departs from national citizenship, defined by religion and protected by religious ethno-nationalism. It is argued that such religious ethnonationalism has created what we call dormant citizenship, in which citizens of Aceh are divided on the basis of religious affiliation into ‘ummatic citizens’, who are considered as the ‘hosts’ of the sharia land with their full rights, and non-ummatic citizens, who are considered as ‘guests’ with only partial rights provided by the ‘hosts’. We shall also argue that dormant citizenship is a synthesis between four political traditions: Islamic, ethnic, Indonesian, and Western. At the end of this article, we shall outline some conditions that might enable non-Muslims to enjoy much broader rights.

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