PEMANFAATAN ARSIP WEB SEBAGAI SUMBER SEJARAH PRIMER: INTERNET DAN GERAKAN REFORMASI INDONESIA 1998 PADA INTERNET ARCHIVE

Nuraini Ahmad, NIM: 20200012002: (2023) PEMANFAATAN ARSIP WEB SEBAGAI SUMBER SEJARAH PRIMER: INTERNET DAN GERAKAN REFORMASI INDONESIA 1998 PADA INTERNET ARCHIVE. Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

The purpose of this research is to understand the concept of using web archives as a primary historical source and to find and analyze primary historical sources related to the topic of the Internet and the 1998 Indonesian Reformation movement on the Internet Archive. The background of this research is: (1) there is still a scarcity of research on web archives in Indonesia; (2) the absence of the Indonesian National Web Archive which should actively preserve Indonesian websites which are the cultural heritage of the Indonesian people; (3) there has been no study by Indonesian academics on the Internet Archive which has kept Indonesian websites since 1996; (4) the 1998 Indonesian Reformation movement is a historic event that occurred in the early years of Indonesian society using the Internet and the web, traces of which can be found in the Internet Archive; and (5) the necessity for primary historical sources for web archives for historical writing in the 1990s period. This qualitative research uses literature studies and historical research methods. Literature study is used to understand the concept of utilizing web archives as a primary historical source. Historical research methods are used to find primary historical sources for web archives on the Internet Archive and analysis of primary historical sources for web archives that have been collected. The results of the study show that the utilization of web archives as a primary historical source is very important because the web has been used as a means of disseminating information and public communication in the 1990s. However, to use it requires adjustments to historical research methods: data collection, criticism, and interpretation; considering the number of web archives is very large and has special characteristics. Collection of primary historical sources of web archives on the Internet Archive uses the following methods: (1) reviewing secondary source to obtain references to previously referenced web addresses, (2) inputting full web addresses into the Wayback Machine search form, (3) using the Wayback Machine add-on on browser, and (4) utilizing web directory archives. From the Internet Archive can be found the Apakabar mailing list web archive, mass media web, web directories, web organizations, and the Reformation movement web. Through the analysis of the 'distant reading' and 'close reading' approaches, it can be seen that the Internet (with its email, mailing list and web tools) has been used to voice reform and succession since 1994, especially after the strengthening of government control over critical press. At the end of February 1998, students from various campuses welcomed the Reformation movement by holding demonstrations demanding total reform in all fields. Elements of the 1998 Indonesian Reform movement in May 1998 created various websites to disseminate the latest information developments. The practice of historical source criticism, which is in accordance with the tabayyun principle in the Qur'an, is needed to clarify the truth of information spread on the Internet.

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