KOMPARASI ASY-SYART AL-JAZA'I (KLAUSUL SANKSI) DALAM FATWA MUI DAN DAR AL-IFTA’ YORDANIA SERTA RELEVANSINYA DENGAN PENERAPAN SANKSI DENDA PAYLATER DI INDONESIA

Latifatul Khiyaroh, S.H., NIM.: 21203011085 (2023) KOMPARASI ASY-SYART AL-JAZA'I (KLAUSUL SANKSI) DALAM FATWA MUI DAN DAR AL-IFTA’ YORDANIA SERTA RELEVANSINYA DENGAN PENERAPAN SANKSI DENDA PAYLATER DI INDONESIA. Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

The emergence of the paylater system is in great demand by the public with various conveniences, both in submission and use, making paylater users forget themselves and be negligent in carrying out their obligations. Many paylater users delay payments and are late in paying their bills. On the other hand, many objected to fines, which sometimes exceeded the principal amount owed. This phenomenon needs to find a solution, including through the establishment of a fatwa by an Islamic legal institution. The DSN-MUI institution issued a fatwa that the clause on sanctions (asysyarṭ al-jazā'ī) for able customers who delay payments is permissible based on an agreement between the Islamic Financial Institution and the customer and the Jordanian Dār al-Iftā' institution absolutely prohibits it. The problems studied in this study are the differences in the legal institutes of DSN-MUI and Dār al-Iftā' Jordan regarding asysyarṭ al-jazā'ī (sanctions clause) and how relevant the fatwa regarding asy-syarṭ aljazā'ī from the MUI and Dār al-Iftā' Jordan against imposing fines on several paylaters. This type of research is library research (library research) with a normative and philosophical approach based on a search on the power of legal istinbat conducted by the DSN MUI institution and the Jordanian Dār al-Iftā' institution using a fiqh and fiqh proposal approach. The results of the study show that there is a fundamental difference between the DSN-MUI fatwa and the Jordanian Dār al-Iftā' regarding ash-syarṭ al-jazā'ī. The istinbat method carried out by the DSN MUI institution uses the bayānī method for the texts of the Koran and hadith and is equipped with the uṣuliyyah rule. While the istinbat method carried out by the Jordanian Dār al-Iftā' institution combines two methods, namely using the bayānī method and the ta’līlī method (qiyāsī). Fatwa The sanctions clause (asy-syarṭ al-jazā'ī) for able customers who procrastinate issued by the DSNMUI has relevance to the sanctions clause applied in several paylaters, because it is considered beneficial. However, the system needs to be reviewed, because the application of the clause on sanctions absolutely applies to those who are able or unable. So, when applied to all parties, the incapable party will object to the imposition of a fine that was agreed upon at the outset. Meanwhile, the fatwa issued by Dār al-Iftā' Jordan has no relevance because it absolutely does not allow fines for capable and incapable customers and when a capable customer who delays payment is not subject to fines, it can cause harm to financial institutions.

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