PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, KEBIJAKAN FISKAL, DAN ZAKAT TERHADAP ISLAMIC HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (I-HDI) DI INDONESIA PERSPEKTIF MAQASID AL-SHARIʿAH

M. Zidny Nafi’ Hasbi, NIM.: 20300012010 (2023) PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, KEBIJAKAN FISKAL, DAN ZAKAT TERHADAP ISLAMIC HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (I-HDI) DI INDONESIA PERSPEKTIF MAQASID AL-SHARIʿAH. Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

The Human Development Index (HDI) measures human development in the material session. This concept cannot yet become a measure of universal human development. The Islamic Human Development Index (I-HDI) is here to offer the concept of measuring human development based on the six dimensions of maqāṣid alsharī'ah. The research objective was to find out the results of the comparison of HDI and I-HDI as a measure of human development. Then the researchers analyzed and tested the effect of economic growth, fiscal policy, and zakat on HDI and I-HDI. The research method uses Dynamic Panel Regression Two-Step or Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The results of the calculation of the Islamic Human Development Index (I-HDI) based on maqāṣid alshari ʿah can be a measure of the achievement of comprehensive human development. I-HDI is a measure of human development built based on the six dimensions of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah consisting of the index of religion, soul, mind, family, wealth, and environment index. The contribution of each maqāṣid al-sharīʿah dimension to the overall I-HDI calculation results varies in each province. Some provinces are strong in one dimension but weak in another. I-HDI is more dynamic as a measure of human development than the HDI model because it accommodates both material and non-material aspects. I-HDI can provide a general description of the results of human development in accordance with the objectives of maqaṣid al-shariʿah. The results of hypothesis testing show that the variable of economic growth shows a p-value > 5% with a positive coefficient of 0.888 and 0.023. The economic growth variable has an influence on HDI and I-HDI. The education fiscal variable shows a p-value of > 5% with a negative coefficient of -0.347 and -0.278, indicating that education fiscal has no effect on HDI and I-HDI. The health fiscal variable shows the results of calculating a p-value of 5% with a positive coefficient of 6.716 on I-HDI and shows a p-value of 5% with a negative coefficient of -0.157 on HDI. The health variable has a positive effect on I-HDI and a negative effect on HDI. The zakat variable shows a p-value of > 5% with a positive coefficient of 2.061 and 0.077. It can be concluded that the zakat variable has an influence on HDI and I-HDI.

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