ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOSELULOSA DARI LIMBAH KULIT KAKAO DENGAN METODE KOMBINASI PERLAKUAN KIMIA DAN MEKANIK

Amalina Salsabil Hajidah, NIM.: 19106020040 (2023) ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOSELULOSA DARI LIMBAH KULIT KAKAO DENGAN METODE KOMBINASI PERLAKUAN KIMIA DAN MEKANIK. Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This research was conducted with cocoa pod shell waste. The cocoa plant is a plant that can be used as raw material for chocolate, the cocoa pod consists of 75% of the cocoa pod shell, 22% of the cocoa bean husk and 3% is the placenta. This study aims to isolate and characterize cellulose from cocoa pod waste using a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments. Cellulose was isolated from cocoa pod shell waste powder by alkalization using sodium hydroxide (NaOH), bleaching process using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The fibers that have gone through neutralization are then stored in distilled water which aims to be stored in suspension form. Methods The chemical composition of lignocellulosic was analyzed to evaluate the effect of each chemical treatment, including the levels of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin present in the fiber. Nanocellulose can be obtained using the ultrasonication mechanical method. The effect of chemical treatment on the samples was analyzed by chemical composition test using the Van Soest method showing an increase in cellulose and a decrease in hemicellulose and lignin levels in the three sample varieties. The results of the XRD observations of the three sample varieties (SCAB, SUL 1, and MCC 2) showed an increase in the crystal index after going through chemical treatment. The results of FE-SEM image observations of the three types of cocoa pod varieties show that the cellulose surface has cavities which are pores in the cellulose and at a certain magnification the cellulose material experiences agglomeration or clumping. The results of the FE-SEM image observations of the SCAB and SUL 1 varieties also showed an increase in fiber diameter after treatment. These results are also supported by the results of the characterization of fiber particle size that ultrasonic mechanical treatment affects the sample particle size, where the greater the time required, the smaller the particle size in the sample..

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