TEOLOGI NEGATIF JACQUES DERRIDA DAN RELEVANSINYA BAGI PENGEMBANGAN ILMU KALAM

Nursyah Putra Sungkono, NIM.: 18105010044 (2023) TEOLOGI NEGATIF JACQUES DERRIDA DAN RELEVANSINYA BAGI PENGEMBANGAN ILMU KALAM. Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

The discourse on deconstruction has been a central focus in contemporary intellectual studies. This research discusses the relationship between deconstruction and negative theology in the context of Jacques Derrida's thought. Through a critical analysis of Derrida's texts, this study aims to understand how deconstruction can reflect on the discourse of negative theology. Moreover, this research also tries to explain the dialectic that occurs between deconstruction and negative theology and attempts to re-read more carefully the connection between them. The formulation of the problem of this research includes the questions: (1) How is the dialectic of deconstruction and negative theology? This question contains four points of discussion, namely: the relation of deconstruction and negative theology, the contribution of deconstruction to negative theology, the critique of deconstruction to negative theology, and the deficiency/obstacle of deconstruction to negative theology; and (2) How is the relevance of Derrida’s negative theology for the development of kalam science? This study employs a qualitative approach with documentation as the data collection technique. The primary data used is Derrida's article titled "How to Avoid Speaking: Denials", which serves as the main source for understanding Derrida's thoughts on deconstruction and negative theology. The deconstruction theory developed by Derrida is used as the foundation for analyzing and interpreting the related concepts. The findings of this research reveal that deconstruction and negative theology have a close relationship in Derrida's thought. Derrida has shown an enduring interest in negative theology throughout his career, and there are fundamental similarities between deconstruction and negative theology in their efforts to transcend the limitations of language and seek absolute experiences or understandings of heterogeneity. However, Derrida also recognizes that deconstruction has some shortcomings, particularly in its excessive use of negation, which can be perceived as nihilism or a lack of understanding. In its contribution to negative theology, deconstruction offers a non-reductive approach and emphasizes the diversity of negative theological traditions. Derrida rejects narrow views that consider only one form of negative theology. In this context, deconstruction brings the tradition of theology into a new context. In its relation to Islam, Derrida’s negative theology is relevant for the development of kalam science because it provides criticism and alternatives to the traditional paradigm that claims to know and communicate with God positively and definitively. However, kalam science is not compatible with Derrida’s negative theology that denies reason and revelation as sources of knowledge about God, and does not provide evidence or interpretation that supports faith and science.

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