IGNAZ GOLDZIHER’S AND NABIA ABBOTT’S THOUGHTS ON ISNAD AL-HADITH

Muhammad Badruz Zaman, NIM.: 07530065 (2011) IGNAZ GOLDZIHER’S AND NABIA ABBOTT’S THOUGHTS ON ISNAD AL-HADITH. Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Every hadith consist of two parts, namely the chain of transmitters and the content (matn). Hence, there are two aspects that become the object of research in hadith. The first is critisism of sanad (naqd al-sanad) and the second is critisism of matn (naqd al-matn). There are two orientalists who studied on hadith, particularly on isnad al-hadith. They are Ignaz Goldziher and Nabia Abbott. Ignaz Goldziher was the first scholar to study the hadith in a systematic historical and critical study. Study on hadith in Europe culminated in the work of Ignaz Goldziher, whose work became the most important critique of hadith in the nineteenth century, and Ignaz Goldziher made great impact on the discourse of hadith in West. Goldziher doubted the authenticity of hadith. He doubted the transmission of hadith. Nabia Abbott is one of orientalists who countered Goldziher’s theory on hadith. She believed that hadith is authentic. Some questions become the focus of this research are: what are the main of Ignaz Goldziher’s and Nabia Abbott’s Thoughts on isnad al-hadith? What are the fundamental similarities and differences between Ignaz Goldziher’s and Nabia Abbott’s thoughts on isnad al-hadith? What are the strengths and weaknesses of their thoughts? This is a qualitative research using descriptive-comparative method. The data were collected from Muslim Studies wroted by Ignaz Goldziher and Studies in Arabic Literary Papyri II; Qur’anic Commentary and Tradition wrote by Nabia Abbott as a primary data, such as The Development of Exigesis in Early Islam: The Authenticity of Muslim Literature from the Formative Period and The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence. and other relevant sources as secondary data. Method of analysis used content analysis with comparative approach. Ignaz goldziher believes that the transmission of hadith existed since the Prophet’s period, but political conflict among Muslim society makes him doubt on the authenticity of hadith. Goldziher also argued that the hadith found in later collections have no references to earlier written collections and use oral transmission isnads, not written sources. According to Goldziher, Muslim critics has been focussing on isnad, and not the contents. Nabia Abbott tried to reject Goldziher’s view by focusing on a detailed study of literary papyri. She argued that the hadith literatures existed among Muslims in the first century. According to Abbott, the isnad system began in the life time of the Prophet and was used by Companions in transmitting the traditions of the Prophet. The critical method on hadith does not focused only on the isnad, but also the matn. Collection of hadith was developed by Muhammad’s family and Companions during his life’s time. Nabia Abbott uses isnad family and non-family, and explosive isnad’s theories to support her argument.

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