PROBLEMATIKA LAUT PERSPEKTIF EKOTEOLOGI KOMPARATIF SEYYED HOSSEIN NASR DAN RABINDRANATH TAGORE (STUDI KASUS NELAYAN ISLAM DI DESA MASALIMA JAWA TIMUR DAN NELAYAN HINDU DI DESA CELUKAN BAWANG BALI)

Naufal, NIM.: 20300011015 (2024) PROBLEMATIKA LAUT PERSPEKTIF EKOTEOLOGI KOMPARATIF SEYYED HOSSEIN NASR DAN RABINDRANATH TAGORE (STUDI KASUS NELAYAN ISLAM DI DESA MASALIMA JAWA TIMUR DAN NELAYAN HINDU DI DESA CELUKAN BAWANG BALI). Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This research is entitled Marine Problems from a comparative ecotheological perspective of Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Rabindranath Tagore (A case study of conflict between Islamic fishermen in Masalima Village, East Java and Hindu fishermen in Celukan Bawang Village, Bali). The background to this research is that, for residents of Masalima Masalembu Village, the sea is their main source of livelihood, but this is starting to be disturbed because Masalima fishermen complain about the use of cantrang (seine net), potassium and bombs, which have damaged marine biota and fishing gear belonging to the local community. Meanwhile, in Celukan Bawang Village, Buleleng Regency alone, more than three thousand people, the majority of whom work as fishermen, are being affected by the decline in sea quality due to the presence of the coal-fired power plant (PLTU). The cause of ecological problems is the misbehavior of modern humans towards nature. Therefore, the presence of this research is expected to correct the wrong way humans view nature. The actions of humans toward nature result in damage, precipitating disasters that ultimately rebound upon themselves. This research is field research using qualitative methods with comparative theology data analysis. Data collection uses interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The research uses an Interfaith Studies approach, which is descriptive-analytic in nature. This research also uses the ecotheological analysis theory of Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Rabindranath Tagore. The research results consist of three main findings, namely: first, discourse on religion, myths and maritime rituals in Masalima Village, East Java, which gave rise to belief in the Prophet Khidir, which gave birth to the sea alms ritual (rokatan tase’). Apart from that, in Celukan Bawang Village, Bali, there is a belief in the God Baruna, who gave birth to the Pakelem ritual. Second, the dynamics of the sea as a path to prosperity and marine problems in Masalima Village, East Java, shows a decline in the situation where Masalima Village, which is a producer of sailfish, tuna and mackerel, is also the largest fish supplier in East Java, but this situation does not last long because of use of cantrang, potassium, and bombs. As for Celukan Bawang Village, Bali is a supplier of sailfish and redtail fish, which was once the largest fish supplier in Bali, but the presence of the PLTU, which pollutes the sea, has destroyed the fishermen’s economy. Third, marine problems in Masalima Village, East Java, and Celukan Bawang Village, Bali prove that these two villages have faced ecological vulnerability caused by exploitative human behavior. As Seyyed Hossein Nasr stated, there is a spiritual crisis in modern humans, the secularization of the cosmos, and the desacralization of modern science, which is the main cause. Meanwhile, Rabindranath Tagore spoke about human problems in the form of pride, greed, and power. Muslim and Hindu fishermen in these two villages view the sea as sacred, but PLTU, cantrang, potassium and bombs view the sea as profane. Therefore, this dissertation looks at the criticism of Sayyid Husein Nasr and Rabindranath Tagore regarding the concept of nature being too broad. Even though this study only discusses marine aspects, this is the reason for the birth of blue theology. Blue theology basically criticizes the thinking of Nasr and Tagore, which does not differentiate between the perfection of the creator and humans as his creation.

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