RU’YATULLAH DALAM TAFSIR TEOLOGIS: STUDI ATAS KITAB MAFATIH AL-GAIB KARYA FAKHR AD-DIN AR-RAZI

Lalu Fathoni Hidayat, NIM.: 21205032041 (2024) RU’YATULLAH DALAM TAFSIR TEOLOGIS: STUDI ATAS KITAB MAFATIH AL-GAIB KARYA FAKHR AD-DIN AR-RAZI. Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Lalu Fathoni Hidayat, 21205032041. Ru’yatullah in the Theological Tafsir (Study of the Book of Mafatih Al-Gaib by Fakhr Ad-Din Ar-Razi). The Ru’yatullah discourse is one of the discussions that is always debated among the Ahl al-kalamıyah and is not left behind by the mufassir. The dynamics of interpretation were then presented by Fakır ad-Din ar-Rāzī in his book Mafatih Al-Gaib, so this research focuses the problem on: 1) What is the discourse of ru’yatullah in the book of interpretation of Mafatih al-Gaib by Fakhr ad-Din ar-Rāzī? 2) What factors influence Fakhr ad-Din ar-Rāzi in interpreting the verses of ru’yatullah? The socio-historical circumstances of ar-Rāzi's verbal contact with the Mu'tazilah school gave his interpretation a theological character. He criticised and built arguments to counter the Mu'tazilah school of thought, so this research looks at the extent to which history is influenced by the theory developed by Hans George Gadamer. Library research is the methodology used to dissect this research and is supported by a descriptive analysis approach, where this research will then group the verses in ru’yatullah. During his life, Ar-Razi experienced a lot of political disintegration, which resulted in him being often criticised by the ulama. His closeness to the authorities also became a source of discrimination against him; in fact, he was often considered a follower of the Mu'tazilah and Syi’ah. This accusation was made because of his love for Ali bin Abi Talib. Even though he stated firmly his side with the Asy'ariyah (Sunni) sect, this can be seen when ar-Rāzī interpreted Q.S. al-Qiyamah 75:22–23 and Q.S. al-An’am 6:103. Ar-Rāzī stated firmly that God’s faith may be seen on the last day. His alignment with the Asy’ariyah (Sunni) ideology is proven by describing his opposition to the arguments put forward by the Mu’tazilah, which in fact rejected Ru Yarullah. QS. al-An’am is often used as an argument by Mu’tazilites to strengthen the invisibility of Allah. However, ar-Razi differed from their opinion, saying that avat can actually be seen as an argument for Allah’s baliwa because there is an element of tamaduh explained. Fakhr ad-Din ar-Rāzi in Q.S. al-Qiyāmalı 75: 22–23 believes that this verse is used as a strong basis for the Ahl as-Sunnah wa al-jama’ah school in determining that believers can see Allah on the last day. The word nāzırah in this verse means "seeing Allah with your eyes" because it is accompanied by the letter "ila" and before it is the word "wujuh", so the meaning is seeing Allah with your eyes. In Q.S. al-An’am 6:103, it states that this verse is a supporting argument for the teachings of the al-Asy'ariyyah creed that there is a ru yatullah in the afterlife.

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