RESEPSI AL-QUR’AN DI RUANG DIGITAL: Perdebatan mengenai QS. Al-Maidah: 51 dan ayat-ayat lain yang terkait dalam Konteks Bela Islam

Nafisatuzzahro’, NIM.: 17300016015 (2024) RESEPSI AL-QUR’AN DI RUANG DIGITAL: Perdebatan mengenai QS. Al-Maidah: 51 dan ayat-ayat lain yang terkait dalam Konteks Bela Islam. Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This dissertation aims to explore how the Qur’an is received, how its meanings are constructed, and how it functions within historical events mediated by digital media, which introduces a new space that reshapes historical contexts. The reception of the Qur’an within the context of the Defend Islam Action (Aksi Bela Islam) in the digital space was selected as a case study to examine how the sacred text is engaged and interacts with the evolving dynamics of the digital context. This study also identifies emerging patterns in the dialogue between religious texts and historical realities, which help sustain the relevance and function of the Qur’an among its believers. The key research questions addressed in this study are: (i) How does the media influence daily interactions with the Qur’an? and (ii) How is the reception of the Qur’an mediated in the digital space? Specifically, this study examines how digital media plays a role in the activities of netizens (online community members) as they engage with the Qur’an in the context of the Defend Islam Action. It also investigates how the reception of the Qur’an is carried out in the digital space during this action. Using a digital ethnography approach, the study observed the online activities of netizens as they interacted with the Qur’an. The research utilized digital data, including videos, images, and writings from various platforms, and also incorporated information from interviews with netizens to understand how they construct messages in digital media, blending both online and offline contexts. Data were collected from searches on platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube, including netizen uploads that referenced the Qur’an. Interviews were conducted with netizens involved in the reception of the Qur’an in the context of the Defend Islam Action. The collected data were analyzed to discern patterns in how netizens link text and context, as well as how the meaning of verses is constructed and adapted to various contexts surrounding the Defend Islam Action. Given that this reception occurred in a politically charged context, framing analysis was employed during content analysis to explore how the Qur’an was used to frame messages for specific interests. The findings of this research reveal two major insights: First, the media plays a crucial role in constructing meaning, performing two parallel functions. Initially, it serves as an informational source, disseminating various interpretations of the Qur’an in the context of the Defend Islam Action. Subsequently, digital media acts as a social space where diverse netizen perspectives on the Qur’an are exchanged. The interaction between Qur’anic reception activities and digital media has altered several key aspects of Qur’anic reception, including the dynamics of context and the characteristics of reception actors. Digital media, as a new discursive space, enables the construction of meaning within complex and unstable contexts by bringing together various geographic contexts into a unified digital space. Additionally, digital media strengthens the role of audiences with diverse perspectives in the meaning-making process, challenging the traditional authority of interpreters and fostering dynamic and varied interpretations. Second, this situation has prompted Muslims to develop new approaches to engaging with texts and contexts. While traditional contextualization methods that harmonize texts and contexts remain prevalent, new efforts have emerged to bridge the gap between text and context, ensuring that the Qur’an continues to function within a contemporary historical context. The reception of the Qur’an in the digital space is also deeply intertwined with framing strategies, which significantly influence the effectiveness of the Qur’an in legitimizing various historical events and advancing the agenda of the Defend Islam Action. These reception activities have persisted beyond the Defend Islam Action, as netizens continue to engage with the Qur’an using more relevant contexts. The offline political reality’s inability to frame netizens’ activities effectively has led them to rely on other contexts to maintain their digital communities. In conclusion, the reception of the Qur’an in the digital space illustrates that, as the era progresses, the sacred text—rooted in its historical context of revelation and subsequent historical settings encounters increasingly complex contexts involving diverse perspectives and orientations. Various historical moments have shaped how Muslims perceive the Qur’an’s function within their community, necessitating the development of new, more effective patterns for constructing its meaning and aligning the text with historical reality to preserve its role as a source of authority.

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