ARAB SAUDI DAN VISI 2030: Dari Konservatif Menuju Modernis dalam Pembangunan Sosial Politik di Bawah Muhammad bin Salman

Roro Fatikhin, NIM.: 17300016061 (2024) ARAB SAUDI DAN VISI 2030: Dari Konservatif Menuju Modernis dalam Pembangunan Sosial Politik di Bawah Muhammad bin Salman. Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

From the 18th century to the early 21st century, Saudi Arabia has been recognized for its strong adherence to religious principles, particularly those of the Wahhabi sect. The country’s constitution is based on the Al-Qur’an and Sunnah, contributing to its reputation as a rigid and conservative state among other Muslim nations. This understanding emphasizes strict adherence to Wahhabism, significantly impacting the social and cultural life of Saudi society. Compared to other populous Islamic countries, the differences in lifestyle are pronounced. This conservative image has hindered Saudi Arabia’s adaptation to globalization and progress, requiring considerable courage and strength to effect social and cultural changes, especially during the era of Muhammad bin Salman. This research falls under the category of library research and employs qualitative methods with a socio-political approach. The theoretical frameworks used include, first, the Theory of Authority referencing Plato and Ibn Taimiyah; second, the Theory of Modernization developed by Evsey Domar and Roy Harrod; and third, the Theory of Structuration by Antony Giddens, which is used to analyze political dynamics in social change. The findings of this research show that 2016 marked the beginning of sociocultural changes initiated by King Salman bin Abdul Aziz through his son, Muhammad bin Salman, who was authorized to implement the significant vision of transforming Saudi Arabia from a conservative to a modern and dynamic country. This vision is embodied in Saudi Vision 2030, which has had a profound impact on the country’s transformation. One notable change is the shift in social policy-making, which no longer compromises with religious ideology. This shift has introduced social, political, and religious challenges for the Saudi government, which has responded with modernization policies across various domains. Examples include increased freedoms for women compared to previous eras, economic diversification through the development of tourism and entertainment,and enhanced access to education, all contributing to greater employment opportunities and income diversification beyond the oil sector.

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