HAK KONSTITUSIONAL MASYARAKAT ADAT MENTAWAI MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 17 TAHUN 2022 TENTANG PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT PERSPEKTIF FIKIH MINORITAS

Fadhel Jibran, NIM.: 19103070019 (2024) HAK KONSTITUSIONAL MASYARAKAT ADAT MENTAWAI MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 17 TAHUN 2022 TENTANG PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT PERSPEKTIF FIKIH MINORITAS. Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Indonesia is known for its high diversity in culture, customs, ethnicity, religion, and race. This diversity poses a challenge for the country to recognize and protect the rights of indigenous communities in accordance with the goals outlined in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945). The constitution, as the highest legal norm in Indonesia, regulates the recognition and protection of indigenous rights as stipulated in Pasal 18B ayat (2) and Pasal 28I ayat (3) of the UUD 1945, as well as in Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia. However, the implementation of these protective measures has not been fully realized. For instance, Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2022 tentang Provinsi Sumatera Barat, includes Pasal 5C which identifies Minangkabau customs and culture as the main characteristics of the province. Although this provision reflects the recognition of Minangkabau culture, it neglects the diversity of other ethnic groups, particularly the Mentawai Indigenous Community, who are the original indigenous people of West Sumatra alongside the Minangkabau, potentially leading to conflicts. This research is a normative legal study, focusing on legal norms as the object of analysis. It is descriptive-analytical in nature, employing a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a historical approach. This research explains the issues by examining legal materials and historical sources related to the research object, which is the indigenous Mentawai community. The results of this research indicate that Undang-Undang Nomor17 Tahun 2022 tentang Provinsi Sumatera Barat has not accommodated the constitutional rights of the Mentawai Indigenous People in terms of recognition and protection as stated in Pasal 18B ayat (2) and Pasal 28I ayat (3) Undnang-Undang Dasar 1945. This is in stark contrast to the Minangkabau Indigenous People, who are granted recognition and protection in Pasal 5C of the aforementioned law. The neglect of rights to protection and recognition in this law has the potential to further marginalize the Mentawai Indigenous People. Furthermore, from the perspective of minority jurisprudence, this law has yet to accommodate the values of public welfare for the Mentawai Indigenous People.

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