NILAI KESAKRALAN PADA PATUNG BUDDHA DI CANDI BOROBUDUR

Andi Arung Bila Yusuf, NIM.: 20105020060 (2024) NILAI KESAKRALAN PADA PATUNG BUDDHA DI CANDI BOROBUDUR. Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

In this study, the author found differences in the interpretation of the sacredness of the Buddha statues in Borobudur Temple between Buddhists and Javanese culture. This study also examines the sacredness of the Buddha statues located in popular tourist areas. The influence of this popular tourism can influence tourists' perceptions of the sacredness of the Buddha statues in Borobudur. This study requires a multidisciplinary approach that involves not only the study of religions, but also uses anthropological, historical, and cultural approaches. This study uses a qualitative research method with data taken through direct field research, namely by collecting data at Borobudur Temple, Karangdjati Temple, and at the house of Romo KRT Rintaswara located in Imogiri, Bantul. The data collection method was carried out through direct observation at Borobudur Temple, interviews with informants at Borobudur Temple and Karangdjati Temple, and documentation methods. This study uses Mircea Eliade's theory, namely sacred dialectics, to examine the process of sacredness flowing in the Buddha statues at Borobudur Temple and the theory of the concept of transcendent sacredness and also the concept of immanent sacredness. The results of the study show that the sacredness of the Buddha statues at Borobudur Temple occurs through sacred dialectics, namely the process in which sacred elements or hierophany enter the profane realm. From the data taken by the author, it can be said that the sacredness from the perspective of Buddhists in the Buddha statues at Borobudur Temple is transcendental in nature, which further mobilizes Buddhists to achieve Nirvana. Meanwhile, from the perspective of Javanese culture, the sacredness of the Buddha statues at Borobudur Temple is also "transcendent" in nature, meaning that sacred power and spiritual power come from the understanding of Javanese cosmology which connects the human world with the supernatural or connects the human world with God. Although the context of the sacredness of the Buddha statue in Borobudur Temple from both Buddhism and Javanese culture has a transcendent nature, there is also an immanent aspect in the context of the sacredness from both Buddhism and Javanese culture. From a Buddhist perspective, the immanent aspect in the context of the sacredness of the Buddha statue in Borobudur Temple can be seen from the function of the statue as a link between Buddhists who are still bound by material things with the spiritual teachings of Buddha. Meanwhile, from a Javanese cultural perspective, the immanent aspect in the context of the sacredness of the Buddha statue in Borobudur Temple can be seen from the philosophy that sees the Buddha statue as a symbolic object that contains spiritual and magical powers which are directly related to the forces of nature and ancestors. Borobudur Temple tourism has a significant influence on the sacred value of the Buddha statue. This influence can be dual, namely positive and negative. The positive influence is increasing public awareness of cultural and religious heritage. The negative influence is in the form of disturbances to the sacred atmosphere due to the crowds of tourists.

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