PERILAKU MERCHANT PADA TRANSAKSI QRIS DALAM TINJAUAN SOSIOLOGI HUKUM ISLAM (STUDI KASUS DI KAPANEWON DEPOK KABUPATEN SLEMAN)

Fatatun Mutingah, NIM.: 20103080044 (2024) PERILAKU MERCHANT PADA TRANSAKSI QRIS DALAM TINJAUAN SOSIOLOGI HUKUM ISLAM (STUDI KASUS DI KAPANEWON DEPOK KABUPATEN SLEMAN). Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

The progression of time influences human life patterns, one of which is the increasing use of digital or cashless payments as a daily transaction medium. Technological advancements in the economy have shifted the role of cash (currency) as a payment tool toward more efficient non-cash payments. Bank Indonesia (BI) introduced the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) on August 17, 2019, as a new innovation in the economic sector, particularly digital payments or e-money. QRIS unifies various QR codes from different Payment System Service Providers (PSSPs). It applies a tariff of 0% (for amounts ≤ IDR 100,000) and 0.3% (for amounts > IDR 100,000) for micro enterprises (MI), and 0.7% for small (UKE), medium (UME), and large enterprises (UBE). In using QRIS, a Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) serves as an operational fee charged to PSSPs. BI mandates that the MDR cost be borne by merchants as the service providers for QRIS transactions. However, in practice, many merchants, particularly micro enterprises, transfer the MDR cost to consumers. This practice constitutes a violation of BI Regulation No. 24/1/PADG/2022. The breach of this BI regulation presents an interesting issue to study. This research employs the framework of Islamic Legal Sociology, legal compliance, and ‘urf (customary practice). The research type is field research with a juridical-sociological approach. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews with merchants and consumers using QRIS, documentation, literature study, and data analysis. The results of the study show that merchants who use QRIS as a payment method often charge MDR fees to consumers in order to shift the burden of non-cash transaction costs. The main reason is the thin profit margin, so that charging MDR is considered to avoid losses. Environmental factors also influence, with the majority of merchants charging MDR fees of IDR 500-IDR 1,000 to consumers, which are informed by writing on the QR code or directly. Lack of education and socialization regarding QRIS regulations is one of the main causes of this practice, because many merchants come from groups that do not understand the law. The regulations issued by BI regarding QRIS are considered less in line with merchants' thinking, therefore they create a new tradition by providing additional purchase prices to consumers. This additional price is one of the appreciations given to merchants, so that before the payment transaction occurs there is an agreement between the merchant and the consumer to provide additional purchase prices when the transaction is made.

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