FLEKSIBILITAS AYAH DALAM PENGASUHAN ANAK UNTUK TERPELIHARANYA HAK-HAK ANAK (STUDI KASUS DI DESA SUMUR KABUPATEN KENDAL)

Siti Fauzizah, NIM.: 22203012020 (2024) FLEKSIBILITAS AYAH DALAM PENGASUHAN ANAK UNTUK TERPELIHARANYA HAK-HAK ANAK (STUDI KASUS DI DESA SUMUR KABUPATEN KENDAL). Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

The issue of ideal childcare is a challenge in the modern world, but the obligations of fathers and mothers require a balance in fulfilling the needs and attention to the child's soul in shaping parenting. On the other hand, family demands are a challenge for families to fulfil their needs, such as a mother migrating resulting in new family dynamics, especially in the structure of childcare. Moreover, a husband or father faces challenges because previously he was more dominant in the role of breadwinner, then changed to concurrently acting as the main caregiver of the child. This is a change in the family that brings challenges for fathers to have the role and task of caring, guiding, and fulfilling emotional needs that require intensive involvement of fathers. This research is a field research with a sociological approach by observing the characteristics of community behaviour. The data was collected using interview techniques with informants, including 13 fathers who are the main caregivers of children, 3 informants' children, and 2 childcare helpers, namely grandmothers and aunts. Observation technique with direct observation of the lives of informants in Sumur village, Kendal district. The documentation technique was conducted to obtain data information in the form of a description and annual data of the Sumur village community in Kendal district. Data analysis used in this research is qualitative through data triangulation. The theory used is Diana Bumrind's parenting pattern and Jasser Auda's maqa ̅ṣid al-syari ̅'ah. The results showed that (1) The parenting pattern is done flexibly, including responsive and adaptive aspects. In accordance with Diana Bumrindm's theory, the father's flexibility is responsive and adaptive in the form of applying authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive parenting according to the needs of the child. The application of father's parenting patterns is influenced by factors including the age of the child, the father's work, the length of time the mother has migrated, and the father's understanding of childcare responsibilities (2) Children's rights in parenting by fathers are fulfilled with various efforts made despite facing limited time and parenting skills. Of all children's rights, the fulfilment of the right of the soul (ḥifẓ al-nafs) is prioritised despite the psychosocial limitations of children due to the imbalance of the roles of the father and mother. The preserved child's soul (ḥifẓ al-nafs) makes the child able to manage himself so that he is able to understand, accept and develop in accordance with his intellectual, social and spiritual potential. The maintenance of the child's soul (ḥifẓ al-nafs) is carried out by the father by taking the time to build emotional closeness between father and child.

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