IDEOLOGI KOMUNIS PALESTINA DALAM PUISI-PUISI MAHMUD DARWISY (ANALISIS STRUKTURALISME GENETIK LUCIEN GOLDMANN)

Azhar Ismail Hasibuan, NIM.: 22201011006 (2024) IDEOLOGI KOMUNIS PALESTINA DALAM PUISI-PUISI MAHMUD DARWISY (ANALISIS STRUKTURALISME GENETIK LUCIEN GOLDMANN). Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This research is a qualitative descriptive research conducted to examine Palestinian communist ideology contained in Mahmud Darwish's poems. The theory used is Lucien Goldmann's genetic structuralism, with the dialectic method, namely the existence of a series of reciprocal relationships between literature and society or the reciprocal relationship between the structure of literary works with historical materialism and the subject that gave birth to the literary work. The source of this research data is Mahmud Darwisy's poems from 1961-1970 since joining the communist party until he felt that the ideology of the party was no longer in line with his life. There are five anthologies of poetry that are considered to contain and represent Palestinian communist ideology: Aurāq az-Zaitūn, 'Āsyiq Min Filistīn, Ākhir al-Lail, Habībatī Tanhaḍu Min Naumihā and al-Āshafir Tamūt Fi al-Jalīl. In general, these five poetry anthologies raise the issue of the social class gap between peasants, laborers and workers over the power exercised by the Israeli occupation. The social inequality caused by Israeli monopoly and slavery makes the working community have no land to work and cultivate, even Israel prohibits Palestinians from working and farming. The economic decline and the incomes of the lower classes caused the peasant workers to starve and even die. Social inequality also occurs due to the occupation and war carried out by the Israeli government which causes agricultural lands to be destroyed by the occupation. Using the genetic structuralism approach, the results of this study show that the internal structure of Mahmud Darwish's poems is built by conflicting structures including the al-'Āṭifah structures that contradict each other are five types, al-Fikrah structures that contradict each other are nine types, and al-Khayāl structures that contradict each other there are two types. These oppositional and ambivalence ideas indicate an indication of conflict between one social group and another in social reality. The idea of this group is intended to voice the views of its social group to oppose or oppose other groups. While the uslub structure used in Mahmud Darwisy's poems there are uslub tasybih and isti'arah. Externally, Mahmud Darwish's poems describe the dynamics of the Israeli- Palestinian conflict from the 1948 Nakba war to the 1967 Six-Day war. Some of the facts of humanity found in Mahmud Darwisy's poems based on the conflict statutes include; the November massacre, the Kafr Qasim incident, the expulsion of Palestinians, war and resistance. Then from these events are built social classes that are the collective subjects of the author. The collective subject of the author in Mahmud Darwish's poems represents the social group of the communist party that includes Palestinian peasants (workers) and fighters who oppose all forms of Israeli occupation. It was this collective subject that later built the author's worldview of Palestinian communist ideology. The author's worldview is built on four aspects, namely; The struggle defends Palestinian independence, equal rights, humanity and tends to themes of labor, peasants or workers.

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