MAQASID SYARI’AH DALAM INTERFERENSI USUL AL-FIQH DAN TEOLOGI ABAD VI HIJRIAH: STUDI PEMIKIRAN FAKHRUDDIN AR-RAZI DAN SAIFUDDIN AL-AMIDI

Muhammad Minanur Rahman, NIM.: 22200011082 (2024) MAQASID SYARI’AH DALAM INTERFERENSI USUL AL-FIQH DAN TEOLOGI ABAD VI HIJRIAH: STUDI PEMIKIRAN FAKHRUDDIN AR-RAZI DAN SAIFUDDIN AL-AMIDI. Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This study examines the maqaṣid as-syari‘ah in the interference between uṣul al-fiqh and theology in the thought of ar-Razi and al-Amidi. Within the tradition of Islamic studies, maqaṣid in the discourse of uṣul al-fiqh is often positioned as a theory focused solely on Islamic law, without linking it to other disciplines. This research seeks to demonstrate that the maqaṣid discourse emerged as a response to theological debates and tensions. The interplay between theology and uṣul al-fiqh in discussing maqaṣid is constructive and negotiative. The primary objectives of this research are to explore how ar-Razi and al-Amidi conceptualized maqaṣid, how theological interference influenced the structure of their uṣul al-fiqh, and why this interference occurred. To achieve these objectives, this study adopts an integrative perspective (naẓrah takamuliah) proposed by Ṭaha ‘Abdurrahman. The research reveals that the maqaṣid framework in ar-Razi’s al-Maḥṣul and al-Amidi’s al-Iḥkam reflects their expertise in both uṣul al-fiqh and theology. The dual structure of uṣul al-fiqh and theology shaped their concepts of maqaṣid, particularly in the discussions on munasabah and ta‘lil bil ḥikmah. Ar-Razi, adhering to his theological principles, rejected the application of ḥikmah in ta‘lil due to concerns about subjectivity, whereas al-Amidi accepted ḥikmah within observable and measurable limits. Nevertheless, both agreed that the public interest (maṣlaḥah) is a necessity in Islamic law, illustrating a strong connection between Islamic law and divine will. This study highlights an ontological framework rooted in theology, encompassing the concepts of divine will, public interest, Allah's attribute as al-Ḥakim, the reasoning behind Allah's actions (ta‘lil), and the concepts of good and evil (taḥsin wa taqbiḥ). This theological construction transitions into uṣul al-fiqh through maqaṣid, integrating values of wisdom (ḥikmah), public interest (maṣlaḥah), and justice (‘adalah) as manifestations of divine will (al-iradah al-ilahiyah). This integration ensures the perfection of Islamic law (iktimal al-aḥkam). Neglecting theological aspects in maqaṣid risks undermining its authority, allowing biased legal interpretations, and detaching scholarly discourse from its transcendental roots. This research concludes that the integration of theology into maqaṣid serves two primary purposes: the dialectical closeness (at-taqrib at-tadawuli) between theology and uṣul al-fiqh in maqaṣid, and explaining the relational connection between law and divine will.

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