MELACAK KONSTRUKSI DASAR ‘ADALAH AL-RAWI DALAM TRADISI SUFI

Ahmad Ubaidillah Ma’sum Al Anwari, NIM.: 22205032027 (2025) MELACAK KONSTRUKSI DASAR ‘ADALAH AL-RAWI DALAM TRADISI SUFI. Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

The relationship between the determination of hadith quality and the conscious personality of the narrator has been massive since the era of the ṣaḥābah and tabi’īn. This principle continued until the third century AH, when the ulūm al-ḥadīṡ began to be conceptualized. Nevertheless, many scholars have been detected to have abandoned the sanad in their narrations, especially in the tradition of sufism. Through the science of jarḥ wa ta'dīl, the Sufi group was widely criticized by hadith scholars. They were considered not to meet the requirements of avoiding immorality, due to their casual attitude in narration and their willingness to use hadiths of unclear quality as a basis for action. However, several prominent hadith scholars did the same thing, such as Sa'īd Ibn al-Musayyib, al-Sya'bī, Ibrāhīm al-Nakha'ī, and al-Bukhāri in his book, Ṣahīh al-Bukhāri. Interestingly, they are still considered to be credible figures. Based on this phenomenon, several fundamental questions are interesting to study; first, how does the Sufi mind acquire knowledge? And second, how significant is narration in shaping and determining the justice of the narrator? These two questions serve as the initial foundation and limitation of the research conducted by the author. In the analysis, the author uses a historical approach aided by the theory of Philosophy of Science and the Trilogy of Abid al-Jabiri's Epistemology. The results found that narration without sanad cannot be entirely considered to reduce someone's credibility, due to the differences in views regarding the form of itself. Therefore, a new concept emerged in determining 'adālah, which combines knowledge and action as an alternative to determining credibility. This concept is called high piety, where its construction is based on the attitude of memorizing the Qur'an, writing hadith, acting based on the Prophet's sunnah, and having a special position (wali) which is identified through the attributes of jarḥ wa ta'dīl. Thus, those considered 'adil will not deviate from the rules of shari'a, which is supported by good attitudes and characteristics, such as ibādah, mu'āmalah, and closeness to Allah SWT.

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