PRINSIP TRIAS POLITIKA DALAM SISTEM KETATANEGARAAN ARAB SAUDI (STUDI TERHADAP KONSTITUSI KERAJAAN SAUDI ARABIA)

Muhammad Ikhsan Abdul Gani, NIM.: 21103070036 (2025) PRINSIP TRIAS POLITIKA DALAM SISTEM KETATANEGARAAN ARAB SAUDI (STUDI TERHADAP KONSTITUSI KERAJAAN SAUDI ARABIA). Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This study discusses the application of the concept of Trias Politica in the constitutional system of Saudi Arabia, with a specific focus on analyzing the Constitution of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The concept of Trias Politica, first introduced by Montesquieu, is a classical theory in political science and constitutional law that emphasizes the importance of separating state powers into three main branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The purpose of this division is to create a balance of power and prevent the emergence of absolute rule that may lead to tyranny. However, in the context of Saudi Arabia, the implementation of this concept faces significant challenges due to its system of absolute monarchy based entirely on Islamic law (Sharia). This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a normative legal approach. The data sources include legal documents such as the Constitution of Saudi Arabia, relevant statutory regulations, religious fatwas, and scholarly literature. This approach enables the researcher to analyze the power structure in Saudi Arabia from the perspective of the theory of separation of powers and Islamic legal values. The findings show that the King of Saudi Arabia holds authority over all three branches of government. As the head of state and government, the King exercises executive power. The legislative function is carried out by the King with the assistance of the Shura Council, which serves only as an advisory body, not as an independent legislative institution. The judiciary operates based on Islamic law but remains under the influence of the monarchy. Thus, the constitutional system of Saudi Arabia reflects a model of power integration rather than a strict separation of powers.

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