TEOLOGI PEREMPUAN ASGHAR ALI ENGINEER (KONSEP DAN KRITIK)

Fitri Angelina, NIM.: 21105010004 (2025) TEOLOGI PEREMPUAN ASGHAR ALI ENGINEER (KONSEP DAN KRITIK). Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This thesis examines the concept and critique of Feminist Theology as developed by Asghar Ali Engineer, a progressive Muslim intellectual from India. The background of this study lies in the persistence of gender-biased religious interpretations that contribute to the perpetuation of inequality within Muslim societies. In this context, feminist theology is understood as a theological approach that aims to reinterpret religious texts by taking into account the experiences, voices, and realities of women's lives. This study aims to elaborate on Engineer’s concept of Feminist Theology and to evaluate how it was formulated, along with the critiques directed at it. This research employs a qualitative method with a philosophical-critical approach and descriptive analysis. The focus of the study is directed at Engineer’s major works, particularly The Rights of Women in Islam and Qur’an, Women and Modern Society, through an in-depth literature review of his thoughts and contextual hermeneutical approach in formulating a theology that is both emancipatory and relevant to contemporary issues. This approach enables a systematic exploration of how theological concepts are constructed in response to gender inequalities legitimized by religious interpretations. The findings of this study indicate that Engineer’s concept of Feminist Theology emphasizes a re-reading of religious texts based on the principles of gender justice. This theology rests on three main principles: tawhid as the foundation of the essential equality of all human beings, iman as a commitment to justice, and jihad as a struggle against all forms of structural injustice, including gender injustice. Engineer develops a contextual hermeneutical method that rejects literal and ahistorical interpretations, while promoting the active participation of women in the interpretation of religion. Although offering a progressive theological framework, this feminist theology continues to face challenges from conservative currents and methodological limitations in addressing complex social realities. Therefore, Engineer’s thought needs to be further developed through practical and collaborative strategies to realize a more gender-equitable and just Muslim society

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