PEMBERLAKUAN KALENDER ISLAM GLOBAL DI INDONESIA DALAM PANDANGAN TOKOH NAHDLATUL ULAMA DAN TOKOH MUHAMMADIYAH PAMEKASAN

Afifatus Zahroh Zain, NIM.: 21103060007 (2025) PEMBERLAKUAN KALENDER ISLAM GLOBAL DI INDONESIA DALAM PANDANGAN TOKOH NAHDLATUL ULAMA DAN TOKOH MUHAMMADIYAH PAMEKASAN. Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

The Islamic calendar plays a crucial role in the daily lives of Muslims, particularly in determining times for religious obligations such as fasting, zakat, and pilgrimage. However, Muslims around the world have yet to adopt a globally unified Islamic calendar. Discrepancies in determining the beginning of Hijri months especially Ramadan, Shawwal, and Dhu al-Hijjah continue to occur, including in Indonesia. These inconsistencies affect the uniformity of religious observance. This study explores the perspectives of Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah leaders in Pamekasan regarding the implementation of a global Islamic calendar. This research employs a field study method with a descriptive-analytical nature and a normative approach. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews with seven prominent figures each from NU and Muhammadiyah in Pamekasan, all of whom possess knowledge in Islamic astronomy (falak) and Islamic law. The study uses the maslahah mursalah theory to analyze their views, highlighting the importance of public benefit in religious and societal contexts. The findings reveal that both NU and Muhammadiyah leaders in Pamekasan acknowledge the necessity of a unified Islamic calendar for global Muslim solidarity. Nevertheless, they differ in their preferred methods of determining the beginning of lunar months. NU emphasizes the use of moon sighting (rukyat) supported by astronomical calculations, whereas Muhammadiyah adopts the method of hisab hakiki wujudul hilal. Despite these methodological differences, both groups are generally supportive of the global calendar idea as long as it upholds public interest and does not contradict Islamic principles. This research aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on implementing a global Islamic calendar in Indonesia.

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