AUTENTISITAS SUBYEK DALAM NOVEL "HAYY IBN YAQZAN" KARYA IBN THUFAIL: KAJIAN EKSISTENSIALISME KIERKEGAARD

Habibur Rohman, NIM.: 21105010049 (2025) AUTENTISITAS SUBYEK DALAM NOVEL "HAYY IBN YAQZAN" KARYA IBN THUFAIL: KAJIAN EKSISTENSIALISME KIERKEGAARD. Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

An allegorical work titled Hayy ibn Yaqzan by Ibn Tufail, written in the 12th century AD, has been extensively studied from various perspectives, such as education—through the concept of autodidacticism—philosophy in the realms of imagination and rationality, and even religious studies. Ibn Tufail's work is also believed to have influenced classical Western philosophers such as Locke, Bacon, Voltaire, and Defoe (through Robinson Crusoe). All of this is well narrated by Sebastian Günther in Ibn Tufayl’s Philosophical Novel Hayy ibn Yaqzan and the Quest for Enlightenment in Classical Islam. However, Günther’s study leaves unexplored the dimension of Ḥayy’s individuality as a human being endowed with existential agency. This research focuses on the existential nuances within Hayy ibn Yaqzan, examining how the main character, Ḥayy, through his authentic life journey, exists as a subject. Philosophy has long been a means to explore fundamental human questions—such as the origin of life, freedom, and the search for meaning. Existentialism arose partly in response to earlier philosophical traditions that tended to reduce human beings to components of a larger system, overlooking the subjective dimension of existence. Existentialism seeks to return the focus to the individual as a unique and distinct subject—one who continually exists through choices shaped by subjective considerations. Drawing on this framework, the researcher re-reads Hayy ibn Yaqzan using an existentialist philosophical approach, particularly Søren Kierkegaard’s ideas on the authenticity of the subject. The method employed is library research (literature study). The analysis begins by mapping existential themes in the narrative—such as alienation, anxiety, subjectivity, and Kierkegaard’s three stages of human existence—which then serve as interpretive tools for understanding Ḥayy’s existential journey. The findings suggest that when the character Ḥayy is viewed through Kierkegaard’s existentialist lens, his spiritual and intellectual quest reflects the formation of an authentic subject. His yearning for truth springs from inner anxiety, compelling him to make an existential choice toward self-purification. This decision not only signifies full commitment as a subject but also entails alienation as a consequence of living in subjective truth. Ḥayy’s life path parallels Kierkegaard’s three stages of existence—aesthetic, ethical, and religious—with a critical nuance in the final stage. Although Ḥayy reaches the spiritual summit of musyahadah, he does not experience the paradox of faith as Abraham does in Fear and Trembling, since he never confronts a teleological suspension of the ethical in the form of a divine command that overrides universal morality. His relationship with the Divine is not forged through an absurd leap of faith, but through a contemplative ascent that harmonizes reason and spirit.

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