PENGELOLAAN HARTA PUSAKA TINGGI DI MINANGKABAU SEBAGAI WAKAF AHLI (STUDI DI NAGARI KOTO TUO KEC. IV KOTO KAB. AGAM SUMATERA BARAT)

Sarah Afifah, S.H., NIM.: 23203011215 (2025) PENGELOLAAN HARTA PUSAKA TINGGI DI MINANGKABAU SEBAGAI WAKAF AHLI (STUDI DI NAGARI KOTO TUO KEC. IV KOTO KAB. AGAM SUMATERA BARAT). Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

The status of harta pusaka tinggi in Minangkabau is subject to dual perspectives within Islamic legal thought. Syekh Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi firmly rejected the Minangkabau customary inheritance system as it contradicts the Islamic law of faraidh, while Syekh Abdul Karim Amrullah argued that harta pusaka tinggi is not categorized as inheritance property but can be treated as wakaf ahli (family endowment), as practiced by Umar bin Khattab over his land in Khaibar. This difference of opinion has created a dual legal system within Minangkabau society to this day. The author chose Nagari Koto Tuo, IV Koto Subdistrict, Agam Regency, as the research location because the management system of harta pusaka tinggi is still preserved according to custom, despite other Minangkabau traditions gradually being abandoned due to the strong influence of Islamization and social modernization. This study aims to examine the management procedures of harta pusaka tinggi in Minangkabau, analyze its conformity with the concept of wakaf ahli, and assess the extent to which it contributes to family welfare. This study employed a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The type of research used was a descriptive-analytical field study, with data collection techniques consisting of in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively to provide a comprehensive overview of the management practices of harta pusaka tinggi and their relevance to the Islamic concept of wakaf ahli. The results show that the management of harta pusaka tinggi in Nagari Koto Tuo is still carried out collectively by the kaum (matrilineal clan) through customary deliberations, under the supervision of the mamak kepala waris (male head of inheritance). The property is utilized to fund education, customary obligations, and social assistance for the family. This concept functionally aligns with wakaf ahli, as both aim for the welfare of descendants (dzurriyah). However, differences exist in terms of the contractual mechanisms and flexibility of beneficiaries within Minangkabau customs. Harta pusaka tinggi has proven capable of enhancing family welfare when managed fairly, rotationally, and transparently. Conversely, management inequality remains the primary factor in the uneven distribution of benefits among clan members. The study concludes that the harta pusaka tinggi management system in Minangkabau holds significant potential to improve family welfare, provided it is supported by fair management practices, routine deliberation, proper administrative records, and harmonization between customary values and Islamic law.

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