PERAN KINO AGAMA DALAM MEMELIHARA IDENTITAS KEISLAMAN MASYARAKAT MUNA DARI PENGARUH KOLONIAL BELANDA DI MUNA, SULAWESI TENGGARA TAHUN 1910-1942 M

Habi Astum, NIM.: 22201021005 (2024) PERAN KINO AGAMA DALAM MEMELIHARA IDENTITAS KEISLAMAN MASYARAKAT MUNA DARI PENGARUH KOLONIAL BELANDA DI MUNA, SULAWESI TENGGARA TAHUN 1910-1942 M. Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

From 1910 to 1942, the Muna community faced various challenges threatening their Islamic identity through efforts of Christianization and socio-cultural changes introduced by Dutch colonial rule. Kino agama, as religious leaders within the Muna kingdom's governmental structure, played a crucial role in preserving and reinforcing Islamic identity through various approaches. This topic is compelling as there has been no prior discussion on the role of kino agama in Muna. The religious structure, since its formation in the 16th century, has been maintained in Muna, although with some changes due to Dutch colonialism in the 20th century. The issues discussed include the socio-cultural conditions of early 20th-century Muna, the arrival and influence of Dutch colonialism in Muna, the motivations of kino agama, and their approaches in preserving the Islamic identity of the Muna community. The analytical tools used are sociological and cultural anthropology approaches. The sociological approach helps examine the social changes that occurred, while the cultural anthropology approach is useful for analyzing the efforts made by kino agama through the preservation of religious traditions in facing colonial challenges. The method employed is historical, involving heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The research findings indicate that the reasons for kino agama in preserving Islamic identity include identity reinforcement, spiritual leadership, social legitimacy, and resistance against Dutch colonization in Muna. The role of kino agama is divided into two periods based on their achievements: the first period, from 1910 to 1930, during which kino agama initiated education and preaching, and strengthened religious institutions to achieve their goals according to their duties and authority. The second period, from 1931 to 1942, saw kino agama successfully influencing the Muna community to maintain essential and deeply rooted identity through the preservation of religious traditions such as katoba (Islamization), Islamic marriage practices, and Islamic holiday celebrations.

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