STUDI KOMPARATIF PUTUSAN FATWA MUI NO.9A TAHUN 2008 DAN FATWA DAR AL-IFTA’ MESIR NO.5832 TAHUN 2021 TENTANG SIRKUMSISI PEREMPUAN

Amara Kusumawardani, NIM.: 21103060057 (2025) STUDI KOMPARATIF PUTUSAN FATWA MUI NO.9A TAHUN 2008 DAN FATWA DAR AL-IFTA’ MESIR NO.5832 TAHUN 2021 TENTANG SIRKUMSISI PEREMPUAN. Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

The practice of female circumcision has been a topic of debate in Islamic law. Some scholars consider it part of the Shari'ah, while others view it as a cultural tradition that is not supported by qath'i evidence. These differing views are reflected in the fatwas of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) and Dar Al-Ifta Egypt, each of which has different methodologies and considerations. The difference in fatwas between the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) No. 9A of 2008 and Dar Al-Ifta Egypt No. 5832 of 2021 reflects the complexity of this issue, especially regarding health impacts and women's human rights. This study aims to analyze the factors behind the differences in fatwas and evaluate them from the perspective of maqāṣid syarī'ah ar-Raisuni. This research uses a qualitative method with a juridical-empirical approach, library research and content analysis. The theoretical approach used is Soerjono's theory of sociology of law and maqāṣid syarī'ah ar-Raisuni, which emphasizes the hierarchy of benefits (darūriyyāt, ḥājiyyāt, taḥsīniyyāt) and the principle of protection of soul, religion, reason, offspring, and property. The results of the analysis show that the difference in fatwas is motivated by the context of Indonesian legal pluralism which makes MUI's fatwa accommodative to tradition, while the high number and adverse effects of FGM in Egypt encourage the fatwa of Dar Al-Ifta' which is corrective. Through the perspective of maqāṣid ar-Raisuni, the fatwa of Dar Al-Ifta' is considered to be more in line with the universal principles of sharia because it consistently prioritizes ḥifẓ al-nafs (protection of the soul) and ḥifẓ al-ṣiḥḥah (protection of health) on the basis of strong arguments and medical evidence. In contrast, MUI's fatwa, which emphasizes ḥifẓ al-dīn (religion) and ḥifẓ al-'ird (honor), is considered to lack strong evidence and risks ignoring the darūriyyāt aspect. The implication is that MUI's fatwa tends to be accommodative of local culture, while Dar Al-Ifta''s fatwa is more progressive and oriented towards the protection of human rights.

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